概要
2021.11.04 國際新聞導讀-伊朗是否有誠意恢復核武談判還是拖延時間發展出核彈11月底應會揭曉、衣索比亞內戰情勢反轉中央政府面臨首都保衛戰、中美太空領域競爭加劇且中國佔上風
美國表示希望伊朗在 11 月 29 日“真誠地”重返核談判
伊朗最高核談判代表阿里·巴蓋里·卡尼週三在推特上表示，與六國的談判將於 11 月底恢復。
通過路透
2021 年 11 月 3 日 21:46
伊朗最高核談判代表阿里巴格里卡尼週三表示，伊朗與世界大國旨在恢復 2015 年核協議的談判將於 11 月 29 日恢復，因為西方對德黑蘭核進展的擔憂加劇。
“在與@enriquemora_ 的電話中，我們同意於 11 月 29 日在維也納開始旨在取消非法和不人道製裁的談判，”巴蓋里卡尼在推文中寫道。
2015 年 3 月 20 日，在洛桑與伊朗外交部長賈瓦德·扎里夫就伊朗核計劃會晤後，美國國務卿約翰·克里與他的談判團隊成員一起共進午餐，其中包括美國國家安全委員會的羅伯特·馬利（左）。（信用：路透社/布賴恩斯奈德）
4 月，德黑蘭和六國開始討論挽救核協議的方法，該協議自 2018 年時任總統唐納德特朗普退出美國並重新對伊朗實施制裁以來一直受到侵蝕，促使德黑蘭違反了對鈾濃縮設定的各種限制。根據協議。
但自伊朗強硬派總統易卜拉欣·賴西( Ebrahim Raisi)於 6 月當選以來，談判一直擱置，預計他將在維也納會談恢復時採取強硬態度。
US says hopes Iran returns to nuclear talks on Nov. 29 'in good faith'
Iran's top nuclear negotiator Ali Bagheri Kani tweeted on Wednesday that the talks with six major powers will resume by the end of November.
By REUTERS
NOVEMBER 3, 2021 21:46
Iranian flag flies in front of the UN office building in Vienna
(photo credit: REUTERS/LISI NIESNER/FILE PHOTO)
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Iran's talks with world powers aimed at reinstating a 2015 nuclear deal will resume on Nov. 29, Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Bagheri Kani, said on Wednesday, as Western concerns over Tehran's nuclear advances grow.
"In a phone call with @enriquemora_ , we agreed to start the negotiations aiming at removal of unlawful & inhumane sanctions on 29 November in Vienna," Bagheri Kani wrote in a tweet.
United States Secretary of State John Kerry walks to lunch with members his negotiating team, including Robert Malley (L) from the US National Security Council, following a meeting with Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif over Iran's nuclear program in Lausanne March 20, 2015. (credit: REUTERS/BRIAN SNYDER)
In April, Tehran and six powers started to discuss ways to salvage the nuclear pact, which has eroded since 2018 when then-President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from it and reimposed sanctions on Iran, prompting Tehran to breach various limits on uranium enrichment set by the pact.
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But the talks have been on hold since the election of Iran's hardline President Ebrahim Raisi in June, who is expected to take a tough approach when the talks resume in Vienna.
伊朗警告稱，除非拜登提供保證，否則核談判將失敗
預計伊朗將在本週確定與大國恢復談判的確切日期，定於 11 月底。
通過路透
2021 年 11 月 3 日 11:22
2015 年 10 月 18 日，伊朗最高國家安全委員會 (SNSC) 秘書 Ali Shamkhani 在德黑蘭。
（圖片來源：路透社/RAHEB HOMAMANDI）
廣告
伊朗最高國家安全委員會主席週三表示，除非美國總統喬拜登能夠保證華盛頓不會再次放棄該協議，否則恢復伊朗與世界大國的 2015 年核協議的談判將失敗。
“缺乏權威的美國總統不准備提供保證。如果目前的現狀繼續下去，談判的結果是顯而易見的，”阿里沙姆哈尼在一條推文中說。
據伊朗最高核談判代表阿里·巴蓋里-卡尼稱，預計伊朗將在本週確定與大國恢復談判的確切日期，定於 11 月底。
4 月，伊朗和六國在維也納開始談判以恢復該協議，當時的美國總統唐納德特朗普三年前放棄了該協議，然後重新實施削弱伊朗經濟的製裁。然而，在 6 月伊朗總統大選使反西方強硬派易卜拉欣·賴西上台後，談判被擱置。
維也納會議的一個主要分歧是伊朗要求美國保證未來不會違背核協議。
時任美國總統唐納德特朗普於 2018 年 5 月在白宮宣布他打算退出伊朗核協議。（來源：JONATHAN ERNST/REUTERS）
美國和歐洲大國敦促伊朗重返談判，並警告說，隨著伊朗的鈾濃縮計劃遠遠超出核協議規定的限制，時間已經不多了。
作為對特朗普重新實施制裁的反應，德黑蘭通過重建濃縮鈾庫存、將其提煉到更高的裂變純度並安裝先進的離心機以加快產出，從而違反了協議。
Iran warns nuclear talks would fail unless Biden provides guarantees
Iran is expected to give an exact date this week for the resumption of talks with the powers, scheduled for the end of November.
By REUTERS
NOVEMBER 3, 2021 11:22
Ali Shamkhani, secretary of the Iranian Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) in Tehran, October 18, 2015.
(photo credit: REUTERS/RAHEB HOMAVANDI)
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Negotiations to revive Iran's 2015 nuclear agreement with world powers will fail unless US President Joe Biden can guarantee that Washington will not again abandon the pact, the head of Iran's Supreme National Security Council said on Wednesday.
"The US President, lacking authority, is not ready to give guarantees. If the current status quo continues, the result of negotiations is clear," Ali Shamkhani said in a tweet.
Iran is expected to give an exact date this week for the resumption of talks with the powers, scheduled for the end of November according to Iranian top nuclear negotiator Ali Bagheri-Kani.
In April, Iran and six powers started talks in Vienna to reinstate the deal, which then-US President Donald Trump ditched three years ago before reimposing sanctions that have crippled Iran's economy. However, the talks were put on hold after Iran's presidential election in June that brought anti-Western hardliner Ebrahim Raisi to power.
One main disagreement in Vienna has been over Iran's requirement for the United States to give guarantees that it would not renege on the nuclear agreement in the future.
Then-US president Donald Trump holds up a proclamation declaring his intention to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement, at the White House in May 2018. (credit: JONATHAN ERNST/REUTERS)
The United States and European powers have urged Iran to return to negotiations, warning that time is running out as the Islamic Republic's uranium enrichment program is advancing well beyond the limits set by the nuclear pact.
In reaction to Trump's reimposition of sanctions, Tehran breached the deal by rebuilding stockpiles of enriched uranium, refining it to higher fissile purity and installing advanced centrifuges to speed up output.
伊朗不遵守協議損害核協議的複興，愛爾蘭FM告訴“郵報”
由歐盟牽頭的旨在重振該協議的第三方談判陷入僵局。在此期間，伊朗已經接近可以生產核彈的地步。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫、哈立德·阿布·托米
2021 年 11 月 3 日 20:33
外長亞伊爾·拉皮德和愛爾蘭外長西蒙·科維尼。
（圖片來源：外交部）
廣告
愛爾蘭外交部長西蒙·科維尼在周三與以色列外長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 就此事進行會談之前告訴《耶路撒冷郵報》，德黑蘭對核武器發展的持續追求危及 2015 年伊朗協議的複興。
“這裡有一個實時的考慮，”他在一天前談到這項名為“聯合綜合行動計劃”的協議時告訴該報，該協議旨在防止伊朗成為核大國。
“伊朗正在JCPOA商定的範圍之外發展其核能力。他們不再接近合規性，”科文尼說。
科文尼解釋說，如果這種不合規的情況持續下去，“在某個時間點，致力於使 JCPOA 發揮作用的國家將質疑它是否可以繼續完成其設計的工作”。
自 1 月上任以來，美國總統喬·拜登 (Joe Biden) 一直尋求重新實施特朗普政府於 2018 年退出的協議。 該協議已由德黑蘭與六個世界大國簽署：美國、俄羅斯、中國、法國、英國和德國。
代表們等待上個月在奧地利維也納舉行的關於恢復 2015 年伊朗核協議的談判的開始。（來源：歐盟駐維也納代表團/通過路透社的講義）
以色列反對該協議，它認為該協議促成了伊朗的核計劃並助長了其地區侵略。
拜登政府和該協議的簽署方認為這是防止伊朗核武的最佳工具
由歐盟牽頭的旨在重振該協議的第三方談判陷入僵局。在此期間，伊朗已經接近可以生產核彈的地步。
科維尼表示，他的國家在恢復其支持的協議方面可以發揮關鍵作用。
2021 年 1 月，愛爾蘭在由 15 個成員國組成的聯合國安理會開始了為期兩年的任期。它被任命為聯合國安理會第 2231 號決議的協調人，根據該決議，安理會批准了 JCPOA。
“在這個角色中，我們將繼續努力將維也納的各方聚集在一起以達成一致。我們相信，如果能達成協議，將對穩定做出積極貢獻，”科文尼說。
科文尼說，如果無法恢復該協議，將在該地區造成“非常嚴重的不穩定”，並導致“與其他希望發展核能力的國家（即沙特阿拉伯）的區域擴散”。
因此，他說，賭注非常高，並指出目前伊朗已將鈾濃縮至 60% 的純度。
“這是一個危險的時期，對以色列來說尤其如此，因為他們當然正在密切關注這一點，並對 JCPOA 進程持懷疑態度。我明白那個。我曾多次就這個問題與以色列部長交談，”這位愛爾蘭外交官說。
他補充說，需要的是強有力和透明的國際原子能機構檢查，以及“伊朗停止對核能力的投資”和“遵守 JCPOA 的精神和文字”。
“但這必須得到同意和談判，”他補充說。“伊朗新政府表示，他們將在未來幾週內回到維也納進行談判。這是受歡迎的，但這只是讓人們進入一個房間，”他說。
他說，真正的考驗是談判恢復後能否取得進展。
“目前的談判存在各種不確定性，我們知道這一點，”科文尼解釋說，但愛爾蘭、歐盟和該協議的簽署國，包括拜登政府，認為這仍然是最好的選擇。
“它是否解決了與伊朗有關的所有問題？不，它沒有。到位總比沒有到位好？是的，我們是這麼認為的，”科文尼總結道。
週三，拉皮德在推特上表示，“我們討論了兩國之間的雙邊關係以及包括伊朗構成的威脅在內的各種地區問題。”
科維尼週三還前往拉馬拉討論以巴衝突。科維尼會見了巴勒斯坦權力機構副總理齊亞德·阿布·阿姆爾（Ziad Abu Amr）和巴勒斯坦權力機構外交部高級官員阿邁勒·賈多（Amal Jado）。
他們與他談到了歐洲採取嚴肅行動來解決以巴衝突的必要性。兩位巴勒斯坦政界人士告訴他，根據巴勒斯坦權力機構的一份聲明，歐洲在幫助巴勒斯坦人根據國際法和聯合國決議實現他們的目標和合法權利方面可以發揮作用。
雙方還討論了巴勒斯坦權力機構嚴重的金融危機，以及以色列在耶路撒冷的安全措施以及結束對哈馬斯統治的加沙地帶實施封鎖的必要性。
據巴勒斯坦權力機構稱，阿布·阿姆爾感謝愛爾蘭外交部長他的國家的立場及其在支持巴勒斯坦權力機構和巴勒斯坦人民方面所發揮的作用，特別是因為愛爾蘭是聯合國救濟和工程處（近東救濟工程處）的最大支持者之一陳述。
科維尼定於週四前往約旦，在那裡他將與約旦同行會面，並為他的國家在安曼的新大使館揭幕。
Iranian noncompliance harms revival of nuclear deal, Irish FM tells 'Post'
Third-party talks led by the EU to revive the deal have faltered. In the interim, Iran has inched closer to the point where it could produce a nuclear bomb.
By TOVAH LAZAROFF, KHALED ABU TOAMEH
NOVEMBER 3, 2021 20:33
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid and Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney.
(photo credit: FOREIGN MINISTRY)
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Tehran’s continued pursuit of nuclear-weapons development jeopardizes the revival of the 2015 Iran deal, Ireland’s Foreign Minister Simon Coveney told The Jerusalem Post in advance of his talk with his Israeli counterpart Yair Lapid on the matter on Wednesday.
“There is a real-time consideration here,” he told the paper a day earlier in speaking about the deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which had sought to prevent Iran from becoming a nuclear power.
“Iran is developing their nuclear capacity outside of what was agreed in the JCPOA. They are no longer anywhere close to compliance,” Coveney said.
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If this lack of compliance continues, “at some point in time the countries that are committed to making the JCPOA work will question whether it can do the job it was designed to do any longer,” Coveney explained.
Since taking office in January, US President Joe Biden has sought to reimpose the deal, which the Trump administration exited in 2018. It had been signed between Tehran and six world powers: the US, Russia, China, France, UK and Germany.
DELEGATES WAIT for the start of talks on reviving the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, in Vienna, Austria, last month. (credit: EU DELEGATION IN VIENNA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
Israel has opposed the deal, which it believes enabled Iran’s nuclear program and emboldened its regional aggression.
The Biden administration and the signatories to the deal believe it is the best available vehicle to prevent a nuclear Iran
Third-party talks led by the European Union to revive the deal have faltered. In the interim, Iran has inched closer to the point at which it could produce a nuclear bomb.
Coveney said his country has a critical role to play in reviving the deal, which it supports.
In January 2021 Ireland began a two-year term on the 15-member UN Security Council. It was appointed facilitator for UNSC Resolution 2231, under which the Council endorsed the JCPOA.
“In that role, we are continuing to try to bring parties together in Vienna to find agreement. We believe that if agreement can be found, that makes a positive contribution to stability,” Coveney said.
Failure to revive the deal would create “very significant instability in the region” and lead to “regional proliferation with other countries wanting to develop nuclear capacity in response, i.e. Saudi Arabia,” Coveney said.
The stakes, therefore, are very high, he said, noting that at present, Iran has enriched uranium to 60% purity.
“These are dangerous times, not the least for Israel because they of course are watching this very closely and are very skeptical of the JCPOA process. I understand that. I have spoken to Israeli ministers many times on that issue,” the Irish diplomat said.
What is needed is robust and transparent International Atomic Energy Agency inspections and for “Iran to stop their investment in nuclear capacity” and “to comply with the spirit and the letter of the JCPOA,” he added.
“But that has to be agreed and negotiated,” he added. “The new Iranian government has indicated that they will come back to Vienna for negotiations in the next few weeks. That is welcome, but that is just getting people into a room,” he said.
The real test is whether or not progress can be made once the talks resume, he said.
“There is all sorts of uncertainty around the current negotiations, we know that,” explained Coveney, but Ireland, the EU and the signatories to the deal, including the Biden administration believe it is still the best option available.
“Does it solve all issues that relate to Iran? No, it doesn’t. Is it better to have in place than not to have in place? Yes, we think so,” Coveney concluded.
On Wednesday, Lapid tweeted of their meeting, “We discussed the bilateral relationship between our two countries and various regional issues including the threat posed by Iran.”
Coveney also traveled to Ramallah on Wednesday to discuss the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Coveney met with PA Deputy Prime Minister Ziad Abu Amr and Amal Jado, a senior official with the PA Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
They spoke with him about the need for a serious European move to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Europe has a role in helping the Palestinians achieve their goals and legitimate rights in accordance with international law and United Nations resolutions, according to a statement by the PA, the two Palestinian politicians told him.
The two sides also discussed the severe financial crisis of the PA, as well as Israeli security measures in Jerusalem and the need to end the blockade imposed on the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip.
Abu Amr thanked the Irish Foreign Minister for his country’s stances and the role it plays in supporting the PA and the Palestinian people, especially since Ireland is one of the biggest supporters of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), according to the PA statement.
Coveney is scheduled to head on Thursday to Jordan, where he will meet with his Jordanian counterpart and inaugurate his country’s new embassy in Amman.
伊斯蘭革命衛隊表示，它挫敗了美國在阿曼灣沒收石油的企圖
伊斯蘭革命衛隊聲稱，它設法俘獲了一艘載有美軍沒收的伊朗石油的油輪。
作者：TZVI JOFFRE ,路透社
2021 年 11 月 3 日 22:02
伊朗革命衛隊 (IRGC) 的一艘船於 2019 年 8 月 22 日在伊朗阿巴斯港附近的未公開地點航行。
（照片來源：NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS）
廣告
在伊斯蘭革命衛隊週三稱，其截獲的快艇在阿曼的這是試圖沒收伊朗石油出口海灣美國軍艦，伊朗媒體報導。
美國官員否認了這些報導，稱實際上伊朗軍隊上個月扣押了一艘懸掛越南國旗的油輪，美國海軍只是在監視局勢。
五角大樓發言人約翰柯比對記者說：“我已經看到伊朗的說法，它們完全是虛假和不真實的……這是一個虛假的說法。”
“唯一沒收的是伊朗，”柯比說。
據稱，這艘美國船從一艘油輪上沒收了伊朗的石油，並將其轉移到另一艘開往未知目的地的油輪上。伊斯蘭革命衛隊聲稱它降落在第二艘油輪的甲板上並將其轉移到伊朗領海。
報導稱，美軍試圖用直升機和軍艦追捕油輪，但未能抓住它，該報導稱，美軍隨後第二次試圖阻止油輪進入伊朗水域，但未能成功。
2010 年 4 月 22 日，伊朗船隻在波斯灣和伊朗南部霍爾木茲海峽參加海軍戰爭演習。伊朗革命衛隊成功部署了一艘能夠摧毀敵艦的新型快艇，因為戰爭演習於週四在對全球至關重要的水道開始石油供應，伊朗（圖片來源：REUTERS/FARS NEWS）
伊斯蘭革命衛隊在伊朗官方媒體發表的一份聲明中說：“在衛隊海軍部隊及時和權威的行動下，美國恐怖主義海軍在阿曼海竊取伊朗石油的行動失敗了。”
“載有伊朗石油的油輪於 10 月 25 日停靠在阿巴斯港。”
近日，伊朗媒體報導稱，伊朗海軍據報挫敗了一艘駛往亞丁灣、也門以南、經過紅海的油輪的企圖“海盜襲擊”。
所謂的美國海軍行動的視頻。
據伊朗半官方的塔斯尼姆新聞報導，四艘船每艘載有六名武裝海盜，正準備劫持這艘駛往曼德海峽的油輪，但被船上的伊朗海軍小隊擋住了。機構。
報告稱，海盜試圖劫持船隻，但被警告聲嚇跑了，這與許多海盜襲擊未遂事件一致。
另外，美國官員告訴路透社，過去 24 小時內，多架無人機（據信是伊朗人）在霍爾木茲海峽靠近美國海軍兩棲攻擊艦埃塞克斯號。
Michael Starr 和 Aaron Reich 為本報告做出了貢獻。
IRGC says it thwarted US attempt to confiscate oil in the Gulf of Oman
The IRGC claimed that it managed to capture a tanker carrying confiscated Iranian oil from US forces.
By TZVI JOFFRE, REUTERS
NOVEMBER 3, 2021 22:02
A boat of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard (IRGC) sails, at undisclosed place off the coast of Bandar Abbas, Iran August 22, 2019.
(photo credit: NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS)
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The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps said on Wednesday that its speedboats intercepted a US military vessel in the Gulf of Oman that was attempting to confiscate Iranian oil exports, Iranian media reported.
US officials denied the reports, saying that in reality, Iranian forces had seized a Vietnamese-flagged oil tanker last month and US naval forces were just monitoring the situation.
"I've seen the Iranian claims, they are absolutely totally false and untrue … it's a bogus claim," Pentagon spokesman John Kirby told reporters.
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"The only seizing that was done was by Iran," Kirby said.
The US ship was said to be confiscating Iranian oil from one tanker and diverting it to another bound for an unknown destination. The IRGC claimed it landed on the deck of the second tanker and diverted it into Iran’s territorial waters.
The US forces attempted to pursue the tanker with helicopters and warships but failed to catch it, according to the report, which claimed that the US forces then tried and failed a second time to block the tanker from entering Iranian waters.
Iranian boats take part in naval war game in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz southern Iran April 22, 2010. Iran's Revolutionary Guards successfully deployed a new speed boat capable of destroying enemy ships as war games began on Thursday in a waterway crucial for global oil supplies, Iran (credit: REUTERS/FARS NEWS)
“With the timely and authoritative action of the Guards’ naval forces, the US terrorist Navy’s operation to steal Iranian oil in the Sea of Oman failed,” the IRGC said in a statement published by Iranian state media.
“The tanker carrying Iran’s oil docked at the port of Bandar Abbas on October 25.”
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In recent days, Iranian media reported that Iran’s Navy has reportedly thwarted an attempted “pirate attack” on an oil tanker sailing for the Gulf of Aden, south of Yemen and past the Red Sea.
Video of the alleged US Navy operation.
Four boats, each carrying six armed pirates, were en route to hijacking the tanker, which was heading for the Bab al-Mandab Strait, but they were warded off by an Iranian Navy squad aboard the vessel, according to Iran’s semi-official Tasnim News Agency.
The report claimed the pirates tried to hijack the vessel but were scared off by the warning shots, which is in line with many attempted pirate attacks.
Separately, American officials told Reuters that multiple drones, believed to be Iranian, came close to the US Navy amphibious assault ship Essex in the Strait of Hormuz in the past 24 hours.
Michael Starr and Aaron Reich contributed to this report.
為什麼伊朗在多年制裁後談論石油出口？
伊朗石油部長表示，為了避免成為淨進口國，伊朗現在需要在未來幾年對其石油和天然氣行業進行 1600 億美元的投資。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
2021 年 11 月 2 日 23:37
伊朗新任總統易卜拉欣·賴西在德黑蘭收到伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊的總統批准令
（圖片來源：路透社）
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早在 2019 年 4 月，當時在特朗普政府領導下的美國就表示，不會再有對伊朗石油製裁的豁免或豁免。當時有報導稱，美國國務卿邁克·蓬佩奧 (Mike Pompeo) 取消了豁免。目標是向伊朗施壓，並推動石油出口接近於零。2020 年 8 月有報導稱，美國在前往委內瑞拉的船隻上扣押了伊朗石油。幾艘伊朗船隻也於 2020 年 5 月和 6 月抵達委內瑞拉。英國皇家海軍陸戰隊還於 2019 年 8 月在直布羅陀附近短暫扣留了一艘伊朗油輪。
快進到 2021 年 11 月。伊朗再次談論石油出口。這是因為伊朗聲稱它在海上遭受了“海盜”襲擊的威脅，而《華爾街日報》今年早些時候的一篇報導稱，伊朗船隻在前往敘利亞的途中成為以色列的目標。
根據伊朗國際的一份報告，石油部長表示，伊朗現在需要在未來幾年對其石油和天然氣行業進行 1600 億美元的投資，以避免成為淨進口國。“Javad Owji 在周日的預算規劃會議上表示，由於過去缺乏投資，該國現在面臨著嚴峻的選擇——在石油和天然氣領域投資 160 美元，否則將面臨產量下降並最終進口化石燃料。”
石油故事在德黑蘭有頭版報導。據法爾斯通訊社記者報導，石油部長出席了議會經濟委員會的會議，並在電視採訪中解釋了會議的細節：“我向議會成員介紹了該部，同時也提交一份關於石油、石油凝析油、出口和國內銷售的報告。”
他說，情況比過去幾年要好得多。“利用國內外力量和能力，在這方面做了很好的工作。” 石油部長表示：“石油淨化，特別是石油淨化，政府已經採取了很好的措施來投資各種項目，並且已經確定了好的計劃，這將很快成為關鍵。”
伊朗“計劃投資凝析油和凝析油並維持生產，以及優化能源消耗和爐油和瓦斯油的供應。”石油部長表示：“根據石油和天然氣部的計劃，根據第十三屆政府的行動，我們正在尋求提高該國煉油廠的產能，在未來 4 到 5 年內將達到每天 140 萬噸。”
根據 Fars News 的另一篇報導，伊朗正在密切關注美國尋求與中國討論伊朗石油出口的問題。報告稱，伊朗“過去三個月平均每天進口 80 萬桶石油，是去年同期的兩倍多”。伊朗可能擔心伊朗與中國簽署了一項為期 25 年的多項夥伴關係協議，可能會受到美國的壓力。伊朗正在擺出一副勇敢的面孔，認為美國在該地區失敗了。
3 月 27 日，伊朗外長穆罕默德·賈瓦德·扎里夫和中國外長王毅在德黑蘭舉行的 25 年合作協議簽署儀式上互相碰肘。（圖片來源：MAJID ASGARIPOUR/WANA（西亞新聞社）VIA REUTERS）
為什麼伊朗現在可能會談論石油和能源出口？一件奇怪的事情是聲稱伊朗面臨“海盜”威脅在海上。在過去的幾個月裡，伊朗一直在海上騷擾船隻。7 月，一架伊朗無人機在阿曼灣的一艘油輪上殺死了兩名船員。伊朗還威脅美國和以色列。在伊朗看來，德黑蘭認為自己正處於與以色列的區域影子戰爭中，航運是這場衝突的一部分。與此同時，伊朗迫切需要能源部門的收入。它需要修復舊的基礎設施。伊朗還希望向黎巴嫩輸送能源以支持真主黨。它還向敘利亞輸送燃料。但是伊朗不能在沒有獲得一些資金的情況下做所有這些慷慨的事情。真主黨、敘利亞和伊朗支持的伊拉克民兵無法付給伊朗很多錢。所以伊朗需要中國等地出口。
Why is Iran talking oil exports after years of sanctions?
Iran now needs $160 billion of investments in its oil and natural gas industries in the coming years in order to avoid becoming a net importer, the oil minister has said.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
NOVEMBER 2, 2021 23:37
Iran's new President Ebrahim Raisi receives the endorsement decree for his presidency from Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, in Tehran
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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Back in April 2019 the US, then under the Trump administration, said there would be no more exemptions or waivers for Iranian oil sanctions. Then US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo cancelled the waivers, reports said at the time. The goal was to pressure Iran and drive oil exports to near zero. In August 2020 reports said the US seized Iranian petroleum on ships heading for Venezuela. Several Iranian ships also made it to Venezuela in May and June 2020. UK Royal Marines also briefly detained an Iranian tanker near Gibralter in August 2019.
Fast forward to November 2021. Iran is talking up oil exports again. This comes as Iran has claimed it suffered the threat of a “pirate” attack at sea and after a Wall Street Journal report said earlier this year that Iranian ships had been targeted by Israel on their way to Syria.
Iran now needs $160 billion of investments in its oil and natural gas industries in the coming years, to avoid becoming a net importer, the oil minister has said, according to a report in Iran International. “Javad Owji told a budget planning meeting on Sunday that because of lack of investments in the past, the country is now faced with a stark choice – invest $160 in its oil and gas sector or face declining output and eventually imports of fossil fuels.”
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The oil story has front page coverage in Tehran. Accordng to a correspondent of Fars News Agency, the Minister of Oil attended the meeting of the Economic Commission of the parliament, and said in a televised interview explaining the details of the meeting: “I presented the ministry to the members of parliament, while also presenting a report on the sale of oil, oil condensate, exports and domestic sales.”
The situation is much better than in the last years he said. “Good work has been done in this field by using domestic and foreign power and capacity.” The Minister of Oil stated: "Oil purification, and especially oil purification, good measures have been taken in the government to invest in various projects, and good plans have been identified, which will be key soon."
Iran has “plans to invest in oil condensate and gas condensate and to maintain production, as well as to optimize energy consumption and supply of furnace oil and gas oil." The Minister of Oil stated: "With the plans of the Ministry of Oil and the actions of the 13th government, we are looking to increase the refinery capacity in the country, which in the next 4 to 5 years will reach 1.4 million tons per day.”
According to another report at Fars News, Iran is watching closely as the US seeks to discuss Iran oil exports with China. Iran “has imported an average of 800,000 barrels of oil per day over the past three months, more than double the same period last year,” the report says. Iran may be concerned that China, which Iran has signed a 25 year deal with regarding multiple partnerships, could be pressured by the US. Iran is putting on a brave face, arguing that the US has failed in the region.
Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi bump elbows during the signing ceremony of a 25-year cooperation agreement, in Tehran on March 27. (credit: MAJID ASGARIPOUR/WANA (WEST ASIA NEWS AGENCY) VIA REUTERS)
Why might Iran be talking oil and energy exports now? One odd thing is the claim that Iran faces “piracy” threats at sea. In the last months, it is Iran that has been harassing ships at sea. In July an Iranian drone killed two crew on a tanker in the Gulf of Oman. Iran has also threatened the US and Israel. Tehran sees itself as being in a regional shadow war with Israel, and shipping is part of that conflict, in Iran’s view. At the same time, Iran desperately needs revenues for its energy sector. It needs to repair old infrastructure. Iran also wants to send energy supplies to Lebanon to back Hezbollah. It also sends fuel to Syria. But Iran can’t do all this largesse without also getting some funds. Hezbollah, Syria and Iranian-backed militias in Iraq can’t pay Iran much money. So Iran needs China and other places to export.
聯合國與埃塞俄比亞聯合維權團隊：“各方在提格雷都犯下了侵權行為”
各方都被指控以民族為由，虐待和殺害平民、實施輪姦和逮捕。
通過路透
2021 年 11 月 3 日 10:25
2020 年 11 月 9 日，阿姆哈拉地區民兵成員乘坐卡車前往與埃塞俄比亞提格雷接壤的阿姆哈拉地區桑賈的提格雷人民解放陣線（TPLF）。
（圖片來源：路透社/TIKSA NEGERI）
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聯合國和埃塞俄比亞週三公佈的一項期待已久的聯合調查顯示，在埃塞俄比亞北部提格雷地區的戰爭中的所有各方都犯下了可能構成戰爭罪的侵權行為。
聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處和國家任命的埃塞俄比亞人權委員會的報告是在埃塞俄比亞宣布進入緊急狀態的第二天發布的。提格雷軍隊週一表示，他們可能會在首都遊行，以推翻非洲第二人口大國的政府。
該報告涵蓋了長達一年的大部分衝突，由提格雷軍隊與埃塞俄比亞軍隊及其主要盟友（來自埃塞俄比亞阿姆哈拉地區的軍隊和來自鄰國厄立特里亞的士兵）展開的衝突。
各方都被指控以民族為由，虐待和殺害平民、實施輪姦和逮捕。
目前尚不清楚該報告的調查結果是否可以構成採取法律行動的基礎。埃塞俄比亞和厄立特里亞不是國際刑事法院的成員，因此該法院沒有管轄權。
該報告建議建立一個可能的國際司法機制，稱埃塞俄比亞的調查不夠廣泛，並不總是符合國際標準，也不總是透明的。
該報告借鑒了 269 次採訪。許多敘述都包含厄立特里亞士兵在軍事基地強姦和殘害的圖解細節。
埃塞俄比亞政府發言人 Legesse Tulu 沒有立即回應對報告內容髮表評論的請求。厄立特里亞外交部長奧斯曼·薩利赫拒絕置評。無法聯繫到提格雷人民解放陣線（TPLF）發言人 Getachew Reda 和 Amhara 地區發言人 Gizachew Muluneh 置評。報告稱，厄立特里亞拒絕與調查人員接觸，但過去否認其部隊實施了強姦，儘管包括路透社在內的大量文件。埃塞俄比亞曾表示，一些士兵因強姦和殺害而受到審判。阿姆哈拉否認虐待行為。
2020 年 12 月 16 日，在蘇丹東部卡薩拉州，逃離蒂格雷地區正在進行的戰鬥的埃塞俄比亞人在穿越蘇丹-埃塞俄比亞邊境的塞蒂特河後攜帶著自己的財物。（圖片來源：MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH/REUTERS）
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TPLF 發言人 Getachew 此前否認 Tigrayan 部隊犯下虐待行為，但表示一些“自衛隊” Tigrayan 團體可能犯下了違法行為。
這份長達 100 頁的報告說，厄立特里亞士兵在阿克蘇姆市殺害了大約 100 名平民；埃塞俄比亞士兵將大約 70 名男子從他們的家中拖走，並在提格雷南部的三個村莊殺害了他們；以及提格雷軍隊在邁卡德拉鎮殺害了大約 200 名阿姆哈拉平民，這一罪行隨後被阿姆哈拉報復性殺害。
報告稱，這並不是一份詳盡的事件清單。路透社和其他新聞機構、人權團體和民間社會團體記錄了更多未提及的平民被殺事件。
衝突年
該報告還指責厄立特里亞士兵違反國際法，強迫居住在提格雷的厄立特里亞難民返回。
該報告指責各方在不同時間阻止援助，並表示無法核實飢餓是否被用作戰爭武器，正如聯合國援助負責人此前所說的那樣。聯合國表示，政府對糧食援助實施了“事實上的封鎖”，但政府否認了這一指控。
報告提到調查人員的工作經常受到阻礙，特別是阿姆哈拉軍隊控制的地區，或者由於不安全而無法訪問某些地區。它沒有提到埃塞俄比亞在 9 月驅逐了一名聯合國調查員。
控制提格雷大部分地區的 TPLF 表示，該報告不完整，因為調查人員沒有訪問很多地區，也沒有涉及提格雷領導層。
“他們讓我們一無所知，”格塔丘週二在完整報告發布前表示。
該報告稱，提格雷領導層不願參與，因為國家任命的埃塞俄比亞人權委員會的調查人員在場。
除其他違規行為外，該報告還記錄了有關提格雷軍隊於 11 月 3 日向躲在阿迪哈格賴 (Adi Hageray) 鎮一座教堂內的平民開火的指控。
一年前，地區部隊和國家軍隊中的提格雷士兵控制了提格雷各地的軍事基地，之後戰爭開始了。他們說，儘管政府指令推遲了選舉，但在該地區舉行了自己的選舉後，中央政府將採取行動反對提格雷。
衝突已使提格雷約 40 萬人陷入飢荒，數千平民喪生，埃塞俄比亞北部超過 250 萬人被迫逃離家園。
聯合國人權事務負責人米歇爾·巴切萊特 (Michelle Bachelet) 於 3 月同意埃塞俄比亞提出的聯合調查請求，稱當時提格雷可能犯下了戰爭罪。
Joint UN, Ethiopia rights team: 'All sides committed abuses in Tigray'
All sides are accused of torturing and killing civilians, carrying out gang rapes and making arrests on the basis of ethnicity.
By REUTERS
NOVEMBER 3, 2021 10:25
Members of Amhara region militias ride on their truck as they head to face the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), in Sanja, Amhara region near a border with Tigray, Ethiopia November 9, 2020.
(photo credit: REUTERS/TIKSA NEGERI)
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All sides fighting in the war in Ethiopia's northern region of Tigray committed violations that may amount to war crimes, according to a long-awaited joint investigation by the United Nations and Ethiopia and published on Wednesday.
The report by the UN's Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the state-appointed Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was released the day after Ethiopia declared a state of emergency. Tigrayan forces said on Monday they might march on the capital to topple the government of Africa's second-most populous nation.
The report covers most of the year-long conflict, fought by Tigrayan forces against the Ethiopian military and its key allies: forces from Ethiopia's Amhara region and soldiers from the neighboring nation of Eritrea.
All sides are accused of torturing and killing civilians, carrying out gang rapes and making arrests on the basis of ethnicity.
It was not immediately clear whether findings from the report could form the basis for legal action. Ethiopia and Eritrea are not members of the International Criminal Court, so the court has no jurisdiction.
The report recommended a possible international justice mechanism, saying Ethiopian investigations were insufficiently broad, did not always comply with international standards, and were not always transparent.
The report draws on 269 interviews. Many accounts contain graphic details of rapes and mutilations by Eritrean soldiers on military bases.
Legesse Tulu, Ethiopia’s government spokesperson, did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the contents of the report. Eritrea’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Osman Saleh declined to comment. The Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) spokesperson Getachew Reda and Amhara regional spokesperson Gizachew Muluneh were not reachable for comment. Eritrea refused to engage with investigators, the report said, but has denied in the past that its forces carried out rapes, despite extensive documentation, including by Reuters. Ethiopia has said some individual soldiers are on trial for rape and killing. Amhara has denied abuses.
Ethiopians, who fled the ongoing fighting in Tigray region, carry their belongings after crossing the Setit River on the Sudan-Ethiopia border, in the eastern Kassala state, Sudan December 16, 2020. (credit: MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH/REUTERS)
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TPLF spokesperson Getachew has previously denied that Tigrayan forces committed abuses but said some "vigilante" Tigrayan groups may have committed violations.
The 100-page report said that Eritrean soldiers had killed around 100 civilians in the city of Axum; that Ethiopian soldiers had dragged about 70 men from their homes and killed them in three villages in southern Tigray; and that Tigrayan forces had killed around 200 Amhara civilians in the town of Mai Kadra, a crime then followed by revenge killings of Tigrayans by Amhara.
The report said it was not an exhaustive list of incidents. Reuters and other news organizations, rights groups, and civil society groups have documented many more killings of civilians that were not mentioned.
YEAR OF CONFLICT
The report also accused Eritrean soldiers of forcing Eritrean refugees living in Tigray to return, in violation of international law.
The report accused all sides of blocking aid at different times and said it could not verify whether starvation was used as a weapon of war, as had been previously alleged by the United Nations aid chief. The UN has said the government operated a "de facto blockade" of food aid, a charge the government denied.
The report mentioned investigators were often hindered in their work, particularly areas controlled by Amhara forces, or unable to visit certain areas due to insecurity. It did not mention that Ethiopia deported a UN investigator working on the report in September.
The TPLF, which controls most of Tigray, has said the report was incomplete because investigators did not visit many areas and did not involve the Tigrayan leadership.
"They have kept us in the dark," Getachew said on Tuesday ahead of the full report's publication.
The report said the Tigrayan leadership was reluctant to engage because of the presence of investigators from the state-appointed Ethiopian Human Rights Commission.
Among other violations, the report documented allegations that Tigrayan forces had fired on civilians sheltering in a church in the town of Adi Hageray on November 3.
The war began a year ago after regional forces and Tigrayan soldiers in the national army seized control of military bases across Tigray. They said the central government was about to move against Tigray after the region held its own elections despite a government directive delaying them.
The conflict has plunged around 400,000 people in Tigray into famine, killed thousands of civilians and forced more than 2