本集介紹
2021.11.14 國際新聞導讀-厄瓜多監獄暴動68死、葉門內戰激烈胡塞軍勝率高、伊朗不理會IAEA監管、各國開始阻止伊拉克人飛往搞國家人蛇集團的白俄羅斯
厄瓜多爾監獄暴力事件造成至少68人死亡數十人受傷
數十人聚集在監獄外等待親人的消息，許多人說他們自周五下午以來就沒有收到任何消息。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 23:29
政府週六表示，在厄瓜多爾 Penitenciaria del Litoral 監獄的夜間暴力事件中，至少有 68 名囚犯喪生，超過 22 人受傷，官員們將其描述為敵對幫派之間的戰鬥。
該監獄位於南部城市瓜亞基爾，與 9 月下旬在該國有史以來最嚴重的監獄暴力事件中 119 名囚犯被殺的監獄是同一所監獄。
政府將暴力事件歸咎於販毒團伙之間的糾紛控制監獄。
數十人聚集在監獄外等待親人的消息，許多人說他們自周五下午以來就沒有收到任何消息。
58 歲的克里斯蒂娜·蒙塞拉特 (Cristina Monserrat) 仍然沒有收到已入獄一年的弟弟的消息。
吉爾波監獄。什麼地方出了錯？（信用：FLASH90）
“內部發生的事情應該受到譴責，人們互相殘殺，最可悲的是他們沒有良心，”蒙塞拉特說。“我哥哥還活著，我的心告訴我。”
蒙塞拉特補充說，吉列爾莫·拉索總統必須做更多的事情來幫助窮人。近年來，厄瓜多爾的監獄系統因人滿為患、衛生條件差和有組織犯罪而備受關注。
9 月，Lasso 宣布監獄系統進入 60 天緊急狀態，這釋放了政府資金，並允許軍事援助來控制監獄。
週六，總統呼籲憲法法院允許軍隊進入監獄，而不是只提供外部安保。
波濤洶湧
瓜亞斯省省長巴勃羅·阿羅塞梅納 (Pablo Arosemena) 在當天早些時候的新聞發布會上說，最近的騷亂是由一名黑幫頭目獲釋後出現的權力真空引發的。
“這種情況的背景是，沒有這個牢房的團伙頭目，因為幾天前那個囚犯被釋放了，”Arosemena 說。“與其他團體的其他牢房想要控制他們，進入並進行全面屠殺。”
社交媒體上據稱由被拘留者在一夜之間發布的視頻顯示，當槍聲和爆炸聲在背景中響起時，他們乞求幫助制止暴力行為。路透社無法獨立核實視頻的來源。
自 2020 年 12 月 Los Choneros 團伙頭目“Rasquina”在出獄幾個月後被殺以來，這個南美國家的監獄發生了一波騷亂，該監獄關押了大約 39,000 名被拘留者。
官員當時表示，他的死留下了權力真空，因為鮮為人知的幫派試圖控制該國的監獄。前官員說，幫派競爭與與國際卡特爾的販毒聯盟競爭有關。
官員們表示，2 月份發生的一起導致 79 名被拘留者死亡的事件是對拉斯奎娜之死的回應。另有 22 人在 7 月的騷亂中喪生。
“我們正在打擊販毒活動，打擊在監獄內外相互爭奪領土以分發毒品的犯罪團伙，”州長阿羅塞梅納說。
司法部長辦公室表示，在 9 月 Penitenciaria del Litoral 暴力事件中喪生的一些人被斬首或燒毀，數十人受傷。
10 月份，共有 11 人被發現吊在監獄裡，當局稱這些人可能是自殺。
“我什麼都不知道，我們要的是答案，”拒絕透露姓氏的埃斯特法尼亞說，她的丈夫因搶劫入獄。“我不知道他是生是死。”
Ecuador prison violence leaves at least 68 dead, dozens injured
Dozens were gathered outside the prison waiting for news of loved ones, who many said they had not heard from since Friday afternoon.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 13, 2021 23:29
A man holds an Ecuadorian flag in the aftermath of protests against Ecuador's President Lenin Moreno's austerity measures, after Moreno imposed a military-enforced curfew in the capital Quito, Ecuador October 13, 2019.
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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At least 68 prisoners were killed and more than two dozen injured in overnight violence at Ecuador's Penitenciaria del Litoral prison, the government said on Saturday, in what officials characterize as fights among rival gangs.
The penitentiary, located in the southern city of Guayaquil, is the same prison where 119 inmates were killed in late September in the country's worst-ever incident of prison violence.
The government has blamed disputes between drug trafficking gangs for control of prisons for the violence.
Dozens were gathered outside the prison waiting for news of loved ones, who many said they had not heard from since Friday afternoon.
Cristina Monserrat, 58, still has not heard from her younger brother who has been in prison for a year.
Gilboa Prison. What went wrong? (credit: FLASH90)
"What is happening inside is reprehensible, people killing each other and the saddest thing is they have no conscience," said Monserrat. "My brother is alive, my heart tells me so."
President Guillermo Lasso, Monserrat added, must do more to help the poor. Ecuador's prison system has come under harsh spotlight in recent years for overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions and organized crime.
Lasso in September declared a 60-day state of emergency in the prison system, which freed up government funding and allowed for military assistance in control of the prisons.
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On Saturday, the president called on the constitutional court to allow the military to enter prisons, instead of providing only outside security.
WAVE OF DISTURBANCES
The latest disturbance was set off by a power vacuum following a gang leader's release, governor of Guayas province Pablo Arosemena said in a press conference earlier in the day.
"The context of this situation is that there was no leader of the gang that has this cell block because a few days ago that prisoner was released," Arosemena said. "Other cell blocks with other groups wanted to control them, get inside and have a total massacre."
Videos on social media purportedly posted by detainees overnight showed them begging for help to stop the violence as shots and explosions sounded in the background. Reuters could not independently verify the origin of the videos.
There has been a wave of disturbances in the South American country's prisons, which house some 39,000 detainees, since the December 2020 killing of 'Rasquina,' the leader of the Los Choneros gang, months after he was released from prison.
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His death left a power vacuum, officials said at the time, as less well-known gangs attempted to take control of the country's prisons. Gang rivalries are connected to competition for drug trafficking alliances with international cartels, ex-officials said.
Officials said a February incident which killed 79 detainees was a response to Rasquina's death. Another 22 people died in a July riot.
"We are fighting against drug trafficking, against criminal gangs who fight each other for territory inside and outside prisons to distribute drugs," governor Arosemena said.
Some of those killed in the September violence at Penitenciaria del Litoral were decapitated or burned, the attorney general's office has said, and dozens were injured.
A total of 11 people were found hung in the penitentiary in October, which authorities have said may have been suicides.
"I don't know anything, what we ask for are answers," said Estefania, who declined to give her surname, and said her husband is jailed for a robbery. "I don't know if he's alive or dead."
也門因美國、伊朗、沙特的演習而成為焦點——分析
也門現在處於聚光燈下。伊朗再一次相信它正在獲勝。沙特阿拉伯在也門的任何前線遭遇挫折在利雅得都不是什麼好消息。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 22:31
伊朗媒體有關於也門的消息：沙特阿拉伯正在撤軍。這就是法爾斯新聞本週末所說的。“也門消息人士補充說，沙特聯盟已從也門西海岸撤出所有部隊，包括塔里克·薩利赫（阿聯酋的盟友）和奧盧維婭·阿馬爾卡（前往亞丁）。也門贏了。” 伊朗人的意思是他們支持的胡塞叛軍已經獲勝。
沙特阿拉伯和阿聯酋以及與他們合作的其他國家於 2015 年干預了也門。伊朗增加了對胡塞武裝的支持，以拖累沙特。胡塞武裝現在使用先進的伊朗無人機和導彈對付利雅得。阿聯酋和利雅得不再就也門政策達成一致。胡塞武裝一直在遊行。在奧巴馬和特朗普執政期間，美國一直反對胡塞武裝，但現在拜登政府試圖緩和衝突。然而，即使是拜登政府現在也對胡塞武裝綁架美國駐薩那大使館的工作人員感到憤怒。聯合國已將更多胡塞領導人列入黑名單。
伊朗媒體稱，胡塞武裝最近沿海岸推進了數百公里。“該報告發布之際，也門媒體報導稱，在也門軍隊和民眾委員會取得重大進展後，解放馬里卜省的倒計時已經開始，”法爾斯說。與此同時，伊朗也表示願意與沙特阿拉伯進行討論。這些會談可能涉及也門。2019年，伊朗對沙特阿拉伯發動了無人機和巡航導彈襲擊。這是對伊朗未來可能會做得更糟的警告。
胡塞武裝顯然是在推運氣，希望在荷台達和馬里布獲利。沙特領導的聯盟否認了撤軍的報導。然而，相互矛盾的報導稱，港口城市荷台達周圍有撤軍行動。據阿拉伯新聞報導，“該國西海岸的也門聯合部隊週五宣布，從荷台達省的幾個解放區撤出，包括荷台達市的地區。” 這意味著似乎發生了崩潰 aro
2021 年 5 月 24 日，在奧地利維也納，在冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期間，伊朗國旗飄揚在國際原子能機構總部所在的聯合國辦公大樓前。（來源：LISI NIESNER/REUTERS）
和重點城市。休戰已經發生，使這些部隊能夠撤出。
“我們的宗教和愛國職責促使我們保衛更重要的前線，在那裡我們可以利用不足的防禦，”部隊在一份聲明中說，聲稱斯德哥爾摩協議限制了部隊並阻止他們控制荷台達市。
與此同時，美國駐也門特使蒂姆·蘭德金（Tim Lenderking）；美國駐也門大使館臨時代辦凱茜·韋斯特利會見了也門總理梅恩·賽義德、外交部長艾哈邁德·本·穆巴拉克和亞丁省長艾哈邁德·拉姆拉斯。國務院發言人內德·普萊斯說：“現在是所有也門人團結起來結束這場戰爭並進行大膽改革以重振經濟、打擊腐敗和減輕痛苦的時候了。”
也門現在處於聚光燈下。伊朗再一次相信它正在獲勝。沙特阿拉伯在也門任何前線的挫折在利雅得都不會是受歡迎的消息，而且伊朗似乎獲得了授權。如果沙特阿拉伯能夠與伊朗展開討論，它將面臨一場艱苦的鬥爭，因為伊朗認為自己正在獲勝。
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與此同時，阿聯酋一直在加大對大馬士革阿薩德政權的開放力度。目前尚不清楚這與伊朗在也門謀求利益有何联系，但就這些政策如何發揮作用而言，整個地區通常是相互關聯的。
Yemen in the spotlight as US, Iran, Saudi maneuver - analysis
Yemen is now in the spotlight. Once again Iran believes to think it is winning. A setback for Saudi Arabia on any of the frontlines in Yemen will not be welcome news in Riyadh.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: NOVEMBER 13, 2021 22:31
A YEMENI government fighter fires at Houthi fighters in Marib, Yemen, March 28.
(photo credit: ALI OWIDHA/ REUTERS)
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Iran’s media has a message about Yemen: Saudi Arabia is withdrawing. That is what Fars News said this weekend. “Yemeni sources added that the Saudi coalition had withdrawn all its forces from the western coast of Yemen, including Tariq Saleh (an ally of the UAE) and Oluwiya al-Amalqa [who went to to Aden]. Yemen has won.” What the Iranians mean is that the Houthi rebels they back have won.
Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as well as other countries they work with, intervened in Yemen in 2015. Iran increased its backing for the Houthis to bog the Saudis down. The Houthis now use advanced Iranian drones and missiles against Riyadh. The UAE and Riyadh no longer agree on Yemen policy. The Houthis have been on the march. The US had opposed the Houthis during the Obama and Trump years but now the Biden administration has sought to dial back the conflict. Yet even the Biden administration is now angry that the Houthis for kidnapping staff of the US embassy in Sana’a. The UN has blacklisted more Houthi leaders.
Iran’s media says that the Houthis have recently advanced hundreds of kilometers along the coast. “The report comes as Yemeni media reported that a countdown to the liberation of Ma'rib province had begun after the Yemeni army and popular committees made significant progress,” says Fars. Meanwhile Iran is also signaling an opening to discussions with Saudi Arabia. Those talks could involve Yemen. In 2019 Iran launched a drone and cruise missile attack on Saudi Arabia. This was a warning that Iran could do worse in the future.
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The Houthis are clearly pushing their luck, hoping to make gains in Hodeidah and Marib. The Saudi-led Coalition has denied reports of a withdrawal. However conflicting reports say there was a withdrawal around the port city of Hodeidah. According to Arab News “Yemen’s Joint Forces on the country’s western coast announced on Friday a withdrawal from several liberated districts in the province of Hodeidah, including areas in Hodeidah city.” This means that there appears to have been a collapse aro
Iranian flag flies in front of the UN office building, housing IAEA headquarters, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, in Vienna, Austria, May 24, 2021. (credit: LISI NIESNER/ REUTERS)
und the key city. A truce has taken place that enables these forces to withdraw.
“Our religious and patriotic duty prompts us into defending more important fronts where we can exploit insufficient defenses,” the forces said in a statement, claiming that the Stockholm agreement constrained the forces and prevented them from taking control of the city of Hodeidah.
Meanwhile Tim Lenderking, the US envoy for Yemen; and Cathy Westley, the charge d’affaires at the US embassy in Yemen, have met Yemeni Prime Minister Maeen Saeed, Foreign Minister Ahmed bin Mubarak and Aden Governor Ahmed Lamlas. “Now is the time for all Yemenis to come together to end this war and enact bold reforms to revive the economy, counter corruption and alleviate suffering”, State Department spokesman Ned Price said.
Yemen is now in the spotlight. Once again Iran believes to think it is winning. A setback for Saudi Arabia on any of the frontlines in Yemen will not be welcome news in Riyadh and it will appear as if Iran is empowered. If Saudi Arabia can open discussions with Iran it will face an uphill struggle because Iran thinks it is winning.
Meanwhile the UAE has been increasing an opening with the Assad regime in Damascus. It’s not clear how that might tie in to Iran seeking gain in Yemen, but the whole region generally is connected in terms of how these policies play out.
與 2017 年“穆斯林禁令”相呼應，各國禁止伊拉克人飛往白俄羅斯
土耳其正在阻止敘利亞、也門和伊拉克公民購買飛往白俄羅斯的機票。這一席捲而來的舉動讓人想起特朗普時代的“穆斯林禁令”。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 22:34
2021 年 11 月 11 日，白俄羅斯格羅德諾地區白俄羅斯 - 波蘭邊境的一個臨時營地，移民聚集在鐵絲網圍欄附近的火堆旁。照片拍攝於 2021 年 11 月 11 日。
（圖片來源：Ramil Nasibulin/BelTA/Handout via REUTERS）
廣告
在白俄羅斯和波蘭之間發生移民邊界危機後，中東地區的禁令正在增加，以防止伊拉克人、敘利亞人和其他人前往白俄羅斯。
《衛報》上週報導稱，土耳其阻止敘利亞、也門和伊拉克公民購買飛往白俄羅斯的機票。這一席捲而來的舉動讓人想起特朗普時代的“穆斯林禁令”。
2017 年 1 月，美國禁止來自伊朗、伊拉克、敘利亞、也門、索馬里、蘇丹和利比亞等七個穆斯林占多數的國家的人進入美國 90 天。
出於某種原因，2017 年阻止所有來自這些國家的人，無論他們的個人情況如何，是有爭議的，而禁止來自類似國家的人前往白俄羅斯的呼籲得到了歐洲的支持。
這說明只要移民和難民來自某些地方或通過某些方式而不是其他方式，他們似乎會得到支持和歡迎。它還顯示了一些國家（如土耳其）可以虐待敘利亞人的虛偽性，但其他國家卻因做同樣的事情而受到批評。
2021 年 11 月 8 日，移民聚集在帶刺鐵絲網附近，試圖越過白俄羅斯格羅德諾地區與波蘭的邊界。（圖片來源：LEONID SCHEGLOV/BELTA/HandOUT VIA REUTERS）
例如，土耳其多年來一直將敘利亞人和其他難民用作對希臘的威脅，聲稱如果不付錢，土耳其就會開放邊境。當白俄羅斯歡迎伊拉克人和敘利亞人並鼓勵他們前往波蘭時，它被指責使用“混合”戰爭。目前尚不清楚為什麼從土耳其進入希臘的敘利亞人是難民，但從白俄羅斯進入的敘利亞人是一場“混合戰爭”。
前往白俄羅斯的許多人是庫爾德人，其中一些是雅茲迪人。因此，他們在本國是受迫害的少數民族。現在土耳其已經禁止這些來自伊拉克和敘利亞的庫爾德人旅行。據《衛報》報導，“白俄羅斯國家航空公司表示，將不再將這些國家的公民運送到白俄羅斯。”
在另一項進展中，歐盟正在考慮制裁一家名為 Cham Wings 的敘利亞航空公司，以及一家位於明斯克的酒店，那裡有難民。《金融時報》寫道，這是“向專制領導人亞歷山大·盧卡申科施壓，阻止移民流入歐洲邊境。” 報導稱，敘利亞人將乘坐 Cham Wings 的航班。現在看來 Cham Wings 已暫停航班。報導稱，伊拉克航空公司也暫停了飛往明斯克的航班。突然間，敘利亞人和伊拉克人無法再飛往白俄羅斯。這與他們是誰或他們的工作無關。最終到達白俄羅斯的移民現在被困在邊境。有些人支付了數千美元前往白俄羅斯，認為這可能是前往歐洲的便捷方式。
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值得一提的是，早在 2015 年，德國就邀請敘利亞人來到歐洲，2015 年有超過 100 萬人通過希臘、塞爾維亞和其他國家（有時乘船）前往歐洲。人們也來自北非。上週，英國表示，他們在一天內通過英吉利海峽接收了最多的移民，一天有 1,000 人非法越境。
歐盟似乎將向更多國家施壓，以阻止伊拉克人和敘利亞人前往白俄羅斯。目前尚不清楚為什麼在 2017 年猛烈抨擊美國“穆斯林禁令”的一些批評者實際上是在禁止來自同一國家的人，甚至禁止他們從伊拉克飛往敘利亞或中東東至白俄羅斯。
目前還不清楚為什麼當土耳其鼓勵移民進入希臘時，移民被視為受害者，但在這種情況下，歐盟正在努力讓移民盡可能遠離。它引發了關於航空公司和國家針對特定民族的全面歧視的問題。目前還不清楚為什麼庫爾德人和雅茲迪人等尋求庇護者無法受到庇護，而在其他情況下，人們卻在其他邊界受到歡迎。
俄羅斯被指責利用這場危機，而被指責的俄羅斯塔斯社媒體則登上了頭條，將危機歸咎於西方。與此同時，俄羅斯總統一直反對白俄羅斯削減對歐洲的能源和天然氣供應以報復制裁。這表明，移民危機只是莫斯科、歐洲、白俄羅斯和土耳其之間更大的鬥爭和復雜關係的象徵。
對於成千上萬的移民，現在冒著寒冷的冬天被困在無邊界在哪裡飛還是沒辦法過關，悲劇是由試圖關閉大門，以報復對彼此國家雪上加霜。
Countries ban Iraqis flying to Belarus in echoes of 2017 “Muslim ban”
Turkey is blocking citizens of Syria, Yemen and Iraq from getting airline tickets to Belarus. The sweeping move conjures up memories of the Trump era “Muslim ban.”
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: NOVEMBER 13, 2021 22:34
Migrants gather around a fire near a barbed wire fence in a makeshift camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, Belarus November 11, 2021. Picture taken November 11, 2021.
(photo credit: Ramil Nasibulin/BelTA/Handout via REUTERS)
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Bans are going up across the Middle East seeking to prevent Iraqis, Syrians and others from going to Belarus after a migrant border crisis developed between Belarus and Poland.
The Guardian reported last week that Turkey was blocking citizens of Syria, Yemen and Iraq from getting airline tickets to Belarus. The sweeping move conjures up memories of the Trump era “Muslim ban.”
In January 2017 the US banned people from seven Muslim-majority countries, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan and Libya from entering the US for 90 days.
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For some reason in 2017 the decision to block all the people from these countries, regardless of their individual cases, was controversial, while calls to ban people from similar countries going to Belarus have been greeted with support in Europe.
This illustrates how migrants and refugees appear to be supported and greeted so long as they come from certain places or via certain methods and not others. It also shows the hypocrisy whereby some countries, like Turkey, can abuse Syrians, but others are critiqued for doing the same thing.
Migrants gather near a barbed wire fence in an attempt to cross the border with Poland in the Grodno region, Belarus November 8, 2021. (credit: LEONID SCHEGLOV/BELTA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
For instance,
Turkey used Syrians and other refugees as a threat against Greece for years, claiming Turkey would open the border if it wasn’t paid not to do so. When Belarus welcomed Iraqis and Syrians and encouraged them to go to Poland it was accused of using “hybrid” warfare. It is unclear why a Syrian entering from Turkey to Greece is a refugee, but a Syrian going via Belarus is a “hybrid war.”
Many of the people who went to Belarus are Kurdish and some of them are Yazidis. As such they are persecuted minorities in their home countries. Now Turkey has banned these Kurds from Iraq and Syria from traveling. According to The Guardian “Belavia, the Belarusian state airline said it would no longer carry citizens of those countries to Belarus.”
In another development, the European Union was considering sanctioning a Syrian airline called Cham Wings and also a hotel in Minsk where refugees had gone. Financial Times wrote that this was “to press authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko to stop the flow of migrants to Europe’s borders.” Reports say Syrians are coming on Cham Wings flights. Now it appears Cham Wings has suspended flights. Iraqi airways also suspended flights to Minsk, reports say. Suddenly Syrians and Iraqis can no longer fly to Belarus. This is regardless of who they are or their work. Migrants who did end up in Belarus are now stuck on the border. Some have paid thousands of dollars to get to Belarus, thinking this might be an easy way to get to Europe.
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It is a reminder that back in 2015, Germany invited Syrians to come to Europe and more than a million people made their way, sometimes by boat, through Greece Serbia and other states in 2015. People also come from North Africa. Last week the UK said they had received the most migrants in a single day via the English Channel, with 1,000 people crossing illegally in a day.
It appears the EU will pressure more countries to prevent Iraqis and Syrians from going to Belarus. It remains unclear why it is that some of the same critics who lashed out at the US for a “Muslim ban” in 2017 are in effect banning people from the same countries, and even banning them from flying from Iraq to Syria or from the Middle East to Belarus.
It also remains unclear why when Turkey encouraged migrants to cross into Greece the migrants were seen as victims but in this case the EU is working to keep migrants as far away as possible. It raises questions about blanket discrimination by airlines and countries against specific people for their national origin. It’s also unclear why asylum seekers, such as Kurds and Yazidis are unable to be welcomed for asylum, while in other instances people have been welcomed at other borders.
Russia has been accused of exploiting the crisis, and Russia’s Tass media blamed has carried headlines blaming the West for the crisis. Meanwhile, Russia’s President has been opposed to Belarus cutting energy and gas supplies to Europe in retaliation for sanctions. This shows that the migration crisis is merely a symbol of a larger struggle and complex ties between Moscow, Europe, Belarus and Turkey.
For the thousands of migrants now risking a cold winter stuck on the border with no where to fly to or no way to cross the border, the tragedy is compounded by countries trying to close the gates in retaliation against one another.
聯合國氣候峰會達成碳市場協議
Alok Sharma 推遲了在全體會議廳舉行的公開會議，稱由於 COP26 超過一天，談判人員需要更多時間。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 17:38
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 22:50
2021 年 11 月 1 日，在英國蘇格蘭格拉斯哥舉行的聯合國氣候變化大會 (COP26) 上，代表們出席了會議。
（圖片來源：REUTERS/YVES HERMAN）
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談判人員周六在蘇格蘭舉行的聯合國氣候談判上達成了一項解決碳市場規則的協議，可能會為幫助遏制氣候變化的項目釋放數万億美元。
近 200 個國家通過的最終協議將實施 2015 年《巴黎協定》第 6 條，允許各國通過購買代表他人減排的抵消額度來部分實現其氣候目標。
公司以及擁有廣闊森林覆蓋的國家已經推動在格拉斯哥政府主導的碳市場上達成一項強有力的交易，希望也使快速增長的全球自願抵消市場合法化。
批評人士擔心，抵消措施可能會讓各國繼續排放導致氣候變暖的氣體走得太遠，因此有些人擔心倉促達成協議。
該協議設法克服了導致前兩次主要氣候會議失敗的一系列癥結。
2021 年 11 月 1 日，在英國蘇格蘭格拉斯哥舉行的 COP26 峰會場地上投射出地球圖像。（來源：REUTERS/HANNAH MCKAY）
關於應如何對某些碳交易徵稅以資助較貧窮國家的氣候適應存在分歧，該協議提供了一種雙軌方法的妥協。
國家之間的雙邊貿易抵消將不會面臨稅收。這筆交易表明，發展中國家向包括美國在內的富裕國家投降，後者反對徵稅要求。
在發行抵消的單獨中央系統中，抵消收益的 5% 將用於資助發展中國家的適應基金。
同樣在該系統中，2% 的抵消信用將被取消。這旨在通過阻止其他國家使用這些信用作為抵消來實現其氣候目標來增加整體減排。
舊信用
另一項規定解決瞭如何將舊《京都議定書》（《巴黎協定》的前身）下創建的碳信用額結轉到新的抵消市場體系中。
談判者達成妥協，設定了截止日期，在該日期之前發放的信用額不會結轉。
根據新氣候研究所和 Oko-Institut 非營利組織的分析，最終協議將延續自 2013 年以來登記的任何抵消量。這將允許 3.2 億個抵消量進入新市場，每個抵消量代表一噸二氧化碳。
活動人士曾警告不要用舊信貸充斥新市場，並對一些信貸的氣候效益表示懷疑。
世界自然基金會的碳市場專家布拉德·沙勒特 (Brad Schallert) 表示，2013 年的日期“不太好。所以現在買家國的工作就是對他們說‘不’。”
最有爭議的一點是關於信用的出售國和購買國是否都可以要求的問題。
日本的提議解決了這個問題，並得到了巴西和美國的支持。巴西過去堅持允許重複計算已經破壞了過去的第 6 條協議。
根據協議，產生信用的國家將決定是否授權將其出售給其他國家以計入其氣候目標。
如果獲得授權並出售，賣方國家將在其國家統計中增加一個排放單位，買方國家將扣除一個，以確保國家之間的減排量只計算一次。
同樣的規則適用於更廣泛地用於“其他國際減排目的”的信用——一些專家表示，這些措辭可能包括抵消航空排放的全球計劃，以確保在那裡也不會發生重複計算。
能源和氣候情報部門的氣候專家馬特威廉姆斯表示，最終協議更好，但並不完美。
“我們已經看到了嚴格或防範重複計算減排量的最壞可能性。這並不意味著它被完全排除了。”
UN climate summit reaches carbon markets deal
Alok Sharma delayed a public meeting in the plenary hall, saying negotiators needed more time as COP26 overran by a day.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 13, 2021 17:38
Updated: NOVEMBER 13, 2021 22:50
Delegates sit during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland, Britain, November 1, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/YVES HERMAN)
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Negotiators closed a deal to settle rules for carbon markets at the UN climate talks in Scotland on Saturday, potentially unlocking trillions of dollars for projects to help curb climate change.
The final deal adopted by nearly 200 countries will implement Article 6 of the 2015 Paris Agreement, allowing countries to partially meet their climate targets by buying offset credits representing emission cuts by others.
Companies, as well as countries with vast forest cover, had pushed for a robust deal on government-led carbon markets in Glasgow, in the hope of also legitimizing the fast-growing global voluntary offset markets.
Critics worry that offsetting could go too far in allowing countries to continue emitting climate-warming gases, making some wary of a hasty deal.
The accord managed to overcome a series of sticking points that contributed to the failure of the previous two major climate meetings.
An image of Earth is projected on the venue for COP26 summit in Glasgow, Scotland Britain, November 1, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/HANNAH MCKAY)
On the disagreement over how certain carbon trades should be taxed to fund climate adaptation in poorer nations, the deal offered a compromise with a two-track approach.
Bilateral trades of offsets between countries will not face the tax. The deal suggests developing nations capitulated to rich nations including the United States, which had objected to demands for the levy.
In a separate centralized system for issuing offsets, 5% of proceeds from offsets will be collected to go toward an adaptation fund for developing countries.
Also in that system, 2% of the offset credits will be canceled. That aims to increase overall emissions cuts by stopping other countries from using those credits as offsets to reach their climate targets.
OLD CREDITS
Another provision resolved how to carry forward carbon credits created under the old Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement's predecessor, into the new offset market system.
Negotiators reached a compromise that sets a cut-off date, with credits issued before that date not being carried forward.
The final accord carries over any offsets registered since 2013. That will allow 320 million offsets, each representing a tonne of CO2, to enter the new market, according to an analysis by the NewClimate Institute and Oko-Institut non-profit organizations.
Campaigners had warned against flooding the new market with old credits and raised doubts about the climate benefits of some.
The 2013 date "is not good. So now it will be buyer countries' jobs to just say 'no' to them," said carbon markets expert Brad Schallert, with the World Wildlife Fund.
One of the most contentious points had been on the question of whether credits could be claimed by both the country selling them and the country buying them.
A proposal by Japan resolved the issue and gained backing from both Brazil and the United States. Brazil's past insistence on allowing double-counting had torpedoed an Article 6 deal in the past.
Under the deal, the country that generates a credit will decide whether to authorize it for sale to other nations to count towards their climate targets.
If authorized and sold, the seller country will add an emission unit to its national tally and the buyer country will deduct one, to ensure the emissions cut is counted only once between countries.
The same rules apply to credits used more broadly toward "other international mitigation purposes" - wording that some experts said could include a global scheme for offsetting aviation emissions, ensuring double-counting does not happen there too.
Matt Williams, a climate expert at the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, said the final deal was better but not perfect.
"We've seen the worst possibilities for double-counting of emissions cuts tightened up or guarded against. It doesn't mean it's ruled out completely."
伊朗是否在淡化伊朗直升機對美國軍艦的嗡嗡聲？
最近一段持續 42 秒的視頻顯示，一架伊朗直升機靠近一艘美國船隻。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 20:59
2020 年 7 月 13 日，一架美國海軍直升機繼續在美國加利福尼亞州聖地亞哥海軍基地的兩棲攻擊艦“好人理查德”號上滅火
（照片來源：路透社/邁克布萊克）
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在報導稱埃塞克斯號航空母艦和英國皇家海軍伊麗莎白女王號航空母艦進行了互操作性訓練後幾天，網上出現了據稱一架伊朗軍用直升機飛近埃塞克斯號航空母艦的報導。
埃塞克斯號是黃蜂級兩棲攻擊艦。根據較早的報導，它據稱最近幾天在阿曼灣，船上有第 11 海軍陸戰隊遠征部隊的成員。
據 USNI 新聞報導，埃塞克斯號是兩棲就緒集團的一部分，該集團擁有三艘船，“埃塞克斯號登陸直升機碼頭（LHD-2）、波特蘭號兩棲運輸船塢（LPD-27）和珍珠港號兩棲船塢登陸艦（LSD-52）。” 波特蘭號在紅海接受最近與以色列和海灣合作夥伴進行的培訓。
據報導，埃塞克斯號上有 MV-22B 魚鷹，是海軍中型傾轉旋翼機中隊 (VMM) 165 的一部分。埃塞克斯號自 8 月部署到巴林以來一直在該地區。
最近的視頻持續了 42 秒，是從據稱是伊朗直升機的駕駛艙拍攝的。離美軍艦很近，甲板上可以看到直升機。上週，有報導稱，埃塞克斯號顯然參與了伊朗無人機接近該船的事件。此外，伊朗還指責美國“海盜”，聲稱美國海軍試圖扣留一艘運載伊朗石油的船隻。伊朗直升機突擊隊隨後扣押了這艘越南人擁有的油輪並帶走了石油。
2020 年 9 月 10 日，伊朗船隻 Khark 出現在伊朗的一個未公開地點。（來源：伊朗軍隊/WANA（西亞新聞社）通過路透社）
直升機嗡嗡作響的視頻來自 Telegram，但伊朗媒體似乎對這一事件輕描淡寫。
星期六的法爾斯新聞沒有提到這一事件，塔斯尼姆只是提到“猶太復國主義”媒體正在報導這個故事。這留下了有關該事件及其背後的信息可能是什麼的問題。
美以夥伴關係和聯合培訓似乎處於歷史最高水平。上個月有八支空軍在以色列聚集的藍旗，阿聯酋空軍指揮官訪問以色列，與美國海軍陸戰隊的聯合訓練，以及與阿聯酋和巴林在紅海的聯合海軍演習。我也知道該地區有更多的美國戰略轟炸機。10 月 30 日，B-1 轟炸機在以色列國防軍的護航下飛越以色列。上週晚些時候，B-1 飛機在一個月內第二次被護送。
伊朗塔斯尼姆新聞報導稱，國外報導討論了這起直升機事件，稱“報導繼續說，伊朗飛行員在美軍眼前描繪並記錄了他在埃塞克斯號航空母艦上的存在。艙。” 塔斯尼姆說，“這些不尋常的圖像出現在伊朗在印度洋北部和紅海部分地區進行大規模演習之際。” 伊朗將其稱為 Zulfiqar 1400 聯合演習。
那麼為什麼伊朗媒體對這個故事猶豫不決呢？上週，伊朗似乎編造了一個關於美國海軍事件的故事，聲稱它能夠在第五艦隊的鼻子下潛逃。現在伊朗不說話了。
那為什麼不吹牛呢？
這不是伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊的快艇或無人機或其他伊朗軍事資產第一次騷擾美國海軍。美國在 4 月和 5 月向伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊海軍艦艇鳴槍示警。美國已警告此類“不專業”事件。
伊朗可能洩露了這段視頻，以了解以色列和其他媒體的反應。如果伊朗一開始對此輕描淡寫，那就意味著它正在考慮衡量美國的反應。這與伊朗試圖將事件歸功於自己的其他時候形成鮮明對比。自2019年以來，伊朗與美國的緊張局勢加劇。它已經對船隻進行了布雷並發動了更多的無人機襲擊，並且一直在襲擊沙特阿拉伯、美國在伊拉克和敘利亞的設施，並幫助也門的胡塞武裝。伊朗還於 7 月在阿曼灣使用無人機襲擊了一艘商船。伊朗的薩維茲間諜船於 4 月在紅海受損。伊朗在過去八個月中襲擊了商船，顯然認為它是針對與以色列有聯繫的船隻。
Is Iran downplaying Iranian helicopter buzzing a US naval ship?
A recent video lasting 42 seconds shows an Iranian helicopter flying close to a US ship.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: NOVEMBER 13, 2021 20:59
A US Navy helicopter continues fighting a fire on the amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard at Naval Base San Diego, in San Diego, California, US July 13, 2020
(photo credit: REUTERS/MIKE BLAKE)
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Reports emerged online on Saturday that an Iranian military helicopter allegedly flew close to the USS Essex, days after reports said the USS Essex and the British Royal navy Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier had conducted an interoperability training.
The Essex is a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship. It was supposedly in the Gulf of Oman in recent days, and has elements of the 11 Marine Expeditionary Unit on board, according to the earlier reports.
The Essex is part of the Amphibious Ready Group which has three ships, according to USNI News, a “landing helicopter dock USS Essex (LHD-2), amphibious transport dock USS Portland (LPD-27) and amphibious dock landing ship USS Pearl Harbor (LSD-52).” The Portland is in the Red Sea for training that took place recently with Israel and Gulf partners.
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According to the reports, there are MV-22B Ospreys on the Essex, part of the Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM) 165. Essex has been in the area since August when it deployed to Bahrain.
The recent video lasts 42 seconds and is shot from the cockpit of the alleged Iranian helicopter. It comes close to the US ship, and helicopters can be seen on the deck. Last week, reports said the Essex was apparently involved in an incident in which Iranian drones approached the ship. Additionally, Iran also accused the US of “piracy” and claimed the US Navy tried to detain a ship carrying
Iranian oil
. Iranian helicopter-borne commandos then seized the Vietnamese-owned oil tanker and took the oil.
The Iranian ship Khark is seen at an undisclosed location in Iran, September 10,2020. (credit: IRANIAN ARMY/WANA (WEST ASIA NEWS AGENCY) VIA REUTERS)
The video of the helicopter buzzing the ship came from Telegram but Iranian media seems to be downplaying the incident.
The incident wasn’t mentioned on Fars News on Saturday and Tasnim only mentioned it by noting that “Zionist” media were reporting the story. This leaves questions about the incident and what the messaging behind it might be.
US-Israel partnerships and joint training appear to be at an all-time high. There was Blue Flag last month with eight air forces gathered in Israel, the visit of the UAE air force commander to Israel, a joint training with the US Marines, and a joint naval drill in the Red Sea with the UAE and Bahrain. There have been more US strategic bombers in the region as wellI kn. B-1 bombers overflew Israel on October 30 with an IDF escort. For the second time in a month the B-1s were escorted late last week.
Iran’s Tasnim news reported that foreign reports have discussed the helicopter incident, saying that “the report goes on to say that the Iranian pilot portrayed and documented his presence on board the USS Essex aircraft carrier in front of the eyes of the US military from inside his cabin.” Tasnim says “these unusual images come as Iran conducts large-scale exercises in the northern Indian Ocean and parts of the Red Sea.” Iran references it Zulfiqar 1400 joint exercise.
So why was Iranian media hesitant to jump on this story? Last week, Iran appears to have invented a story about an incident with the US navy, claiming it was able to abscond with a ship under the nose of 5th Fleet. Now Iran isn’t talking.
So why isn’t it bragging?
This isn’t the first time Iranian IRGC fast boats or drones or other Iranian military assets have harassed the US Navy. The US fired warning shots in April and May at Iranian IRGC naval ships. The US has warned of “unprofessional” incidents like this.
It’s possible that Iran leaked this video to see how Israel and other media might react. If Iran is downplaying it at first, that means it is thinking to gauge US reactions. This contrasts other times that Iran seeks to take credit for incidents. Since 2019 Iran has increased tensions with the US. It has mined ships and launched increased drone attacks, and it has been striking at Saudi Arabia, US facilities in Iraq and Syria, and aiding the Houthis in Yemen. Iran also used a drone to attack a commercial ship in July in the Gulf of Oman. Iran’s Saviz spy ship was damaged in April in the Red Sea. Iran has attacked commercial vessels over the last eight months, apparently thinking it is targeting Israel-linked ships.
國際原子能機構負責人稱與伊朗缺乏接觸“令人震驚”
國際原子能機構的任務是監測伊朗對伊朗協議的遵守情況。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 13 日 20:54
國際原子能機構（IAEA）總幹事拉斐爾·格羅西於 2021 年 9 月 13 日抵達奧地利維也納，參加原子能機構理事會會議的開始。
（圖片來源：路透社/LEONHARD FOEGER）
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伊朗核監督機構總幹事拉斐爾格羅西周五在維也納對記者說，伊朗新政府與國際原子能機構之間“驚人”地缺乏聯繫。
“他們（伊朗）繼續說他們很快就會見到我，但還沒有完成，在完成之前，我們會有些懷疑，”格羅西說。
他曾希望在 11 月 22 日開始的 IAEA 董事會會議之前以及在定於 11 月 29 日恢復伊朗協議的談判之前參加會議。
IAEA 的任務是監測伊朗對伊朗協議的遵守情況，該協議也稱為 2015 年聯合綜合行動計劃，旨在防止伊朗生產核武器。
美國前總統唐納德·特朗普退出了該協議，但喬·拜登總統希望恢復該協議。該協議最初是在德黑蘭與六國簽署的：美國、俄羅斯、中國、法國、德國和英國。
2021 年 5 月 24 日，在奧地利維也納，在冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行期間，伊朗國旗飄揚在國際原子能機構總部所在的聯合國辦公大樓前。（來源：LISI NIESNER/REUTERS）
伊朗在過去幾年停止了對協議的遵守，並且從本月初開始，將其 60% 的濃縮鈾庫存增加到 25 公斤。
格羅西於 9 月訪問了伊朗，討論確保 IAEA 核查的方法，並會見了伊朗原子能組織（AEOI）負責人 Mohammad Eslami。
週五，格羅西淡化了這次會議的重要性，因為他對 IAEA 與由 6 月當選並於 8 月宣誓就職的易卜拉欣·賴西總統領導的伊朗新政府之間缺乏聯繫表示遺憾。
“除了幾次與 Eslami 先生親切的技術對話外，我沒有與這個政府有任何接觸。但我沒有與一個已經在那里呆了五個多月的政府有過任何交集。
“這太驚人了。我公開說這件事是因為我是對他們說的，我認為我們應該更早地進行這種接觸，”格羅西說。
他補充說，“我們需要討論一長串事情。”
路透社為本報告做出了貢獻。