本集介紹
2021.11.02 國際新聞導讀-阿富汗蕃紅花生產增加可取代鴉片、世界氣候變遷會議各國努力拯救地球，以色列表示新創科技可協助應對氣候變遷、伊朗海軍在曼德海峽協助擊退海盜襲擊、歐盟將真主黨軍事部門列為恐怖組織以色列認為還不夠
COP26 上的貝內特：“初創國家可以拯救世界” - 觀看
“我們的碳足跡可能很小，但我們對氣候變化的影響可能很大……我們需要貢獻……我們人民的能量和智力，”總理納夫塔利·貝內特說。
通過LAHAV哈爾科夫
2021 年 11 月 1 日 22:07
納夫塔利·貝內特總理於 2021 年 11 月 1 日在格拉斯哥舉行的 COP26 氣候會議上發表講話。
（圖片來源：CHAIM TZACH/GPO）
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格拉斯哥——以色列總理納夫塔利·貝內特週一在格拉斯哥舉行的聯合國氣候變化會議上說，以色列的技術可以幫助拯救地球免受氣候變化的不利影響。
“作為世界上人均初創企業最多的國家，我們必須努力拯救我們的世界，”他說。
貝內特是參加會議的 100 多位世界領導人之一，該會議被稱為COP26，旨在加強過去關於氣候變化的決定。
領導人之間的會議特別側重於讓發達國家履行其幫助較貧窮國家實現減排目標的承諾。但會議的其他目標包括通過削減溫室氣體來緩解氣候變化。許多國家，包括以色列，都承諾到 2050 年實現淨零碳排放，並尋找方法來適應氣溫上升的挑戰。
雖然以色列做出了與西方國家一致的承諾，但以色列代表團特別關注最後一點，即適應方面的優勢。
“讓我們成為現實，”貝內特在他的 COP26 演講中說。“以色列是一個小國。我們的面積不到蘇格蘭的三分之一。”
然而，他補充說，“我們的碳足跡可能很小，但我們對氣候變化的影響可能很大。如果我們要有所作為，我們需要貢獻以色列最寶貴的能源：我們人民的能量和腦力。”
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Bennett 引用了他的政府的“100 步計劃”，到 2025 年逐步淘汰煤炭，到 2050 年將溫室氣體排放量減少到淨零，以及其他政策。
然而，他說，“行為改變只會讓我們走這麼遠”，這就是尚未發明的新技術將進來的地方。
“作為世界上人均初創企業最多的國家，我們必須努力拯救我們的世界，”他補充說。“這就是為什麼我要對我們的企業家和創新者說：你們可以改變遊戲規則。你可以幫助拯救我們的星球。”
Bennett 說，以色列 60% 是沙漠，是世界上最乾旱的地方之一，但其創新使其成為沙漠農業專家和水技術的世界領導者。
他說，為了幫助以色列的高科技部門轉向氣候解決方案，政府建立了“綠色沙盒”以提供資金並削減官僚主義，他指的是上週批准的內閣決定。
“歷史將評判我們這一代人對這一威脅的反應——不是我們有多麼雄心勃勃，而是我們採取的實際步驟，”他說。“以色列是‘氣候創新國’，我們已準備好引領潮流。”
貝內特在格拉斯哥待了兩天，還有環境保護部長塔馬爾·贊德伯格和能源部長卡琳·埃爾哈拉爾及其隨行人員約 36 人。連同安全、新聞和環境保護部幫助獲得證書的一些非政府組織、學者和企業，參加 COP26 的以色列代表團約有 130 人。
代表團中唯一一家初創企業 UBQ Materials 可持續發展副總裁雷切爾·巴爾 (Rachel Barr) 稱讚了以色列以商業為中心的做法。
“我們來自一個創新的國家，我們相信這就是我們解決問題的方式，”她說。“我們需要將最大的污染者和最好的問題解決者聚集在一起。利用商業的力量推進可持續發展……這就是解決問題的方式。”
巴爾說，通過將企業納入其代表團，以色列表明其相信可持續發展，企業應該有一個“三重底線”，這對利潤、人類和地球都有好處。
由於 20 個主要工業國集團未能在周末在羅馬舉行的峰會上就雄心勃勃的新承諾達成一致，COP26 會議的任務變得更加艱鉅。
G20 排放了約 80% 的二氧化碳，這種氣體由燃燒化石燃料產生，被視為全球範圍內日益嚴重的熱浪、乾旱、洪水和風暴的主要原因。
英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜在開幕式上說：“人類在氣候變化問題上早已倒計時。” “距離世界末日時鐘的午夜還有一分鐘，我們現在需要採取行動。”
聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯 (António Guterres) 提醒與會者，有記錄以來最熱的 6 年發生在 2015 年之後。
在他的講話中，美國總統喬拜登試圖向世界領導人保證，美國將信守承諾，在本世紀末將溫室氣體排放量減少一半以上，即使確保這些減少的關鍵政策仍然不確定。
一月份接替前總統唐納德特朗普的拜登承認，美國在氣候變化問題上並不總是以身作則。
“這就是為什麼我的政府正在加班以表明我們的氣候承諾是行動，而不是言辭，”他說。
特朗普讓美國退出《巴黎協定》或《巴黎氣候協定》。拜登上任後又回到了這一點。
拜登說，世界需要幫助發展中國家應對氣候變化。
“現在我們仍然沒有達到，”他說。
拜登表示，他計劃與美國國會合作，在 2024 年啟動一項耗資 30 億美元的計劃，旨在通過當地主導的措施幫助發展中國家適應和管理氣候變化的影響。
其他發言者，包括來自受氣候變化影響最嚴重的較貧窮國家的活動家，發出了挑釁的信息。
“太平洋青年齊心協力，大聲疾呼，‘我們沒有淹死；我們正在戰鬥，”來自波利尼西亞薩摩亞島國的布麗安娜·弗魯安 (Brianna Fruean) 說，該島受到海平面上升的威脅。“這是我們向世界發出的戰士吶喊。”
約翰遜上台時，瑞典活動家格蕾塔·桑伯格（Greta Thunberg）轉推呼籲她的數百萬支持者簽署公開信，指責領導人背叛。
“這不是演習。地球的代碼是紅色的，”她的推文說。“隨著我們的星球被摧毀，數百萬人將受苦——一個可怕的未來將通過你做出的決定創造或避免。你有決定的權力。”
中國國家主席習近平是迄今為止最大的溫室氣體排放國，領先於美國，他在一份書面聲明中告訴會議，發達國家不僅應該做得更多，而且應該幫助發展中國家做得更好。
克里姆林宮表示，世界三大石油生產國之一的俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京與美國和沙特阿拉伯一起放棄了通過視頻鏈接參與任何現場會談的計劃。
發達國家上週證實，他們將晚三年才能達到 $100b。氣候融資承諾，許多貧窮國家和活動家表示無論如何都不夠。
迄今為止做出的減排承諾將使地球的平均表面溫度在本世紀上升 2.7°C，聯合國表示這將加劇氣候變化已經造成的破壞。
Bennett at COP26: 'Start-Up Nation can save the world' - watch
"Our carbon footprint may be small, but our impact on climate change can be mighty… we need to contribute… the energy and brainpower of our people," Prime Minister Naftali Bennett said.
By LAHAV HARKOV
NOVEMBER 1, 2021 22:07
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett speaking at the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow, November 1, 2021.
(photo credit: CHAIM TZACH/GPO)
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GLASGOW – Israeli technology can help save the planet from the adverse impact of climate change, Prime Minister Naftali Bennett said at the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow on Monday.
“As the country with the most start-ups per capita in the world, we must channel our efforts [in]to saving our world,” he said.
Bennett was one of more than 100 world leaders participating in the conference, known as COP26, which is meant to strengthen past decisions on climate change.
The meetings between leaders are particularly focused on getting developed countries to fulfill their pledges to help poorer nations meet their goals to reduce emissions. But other aims of the conference include mitigation of climate change via slashing greenhouse gases. Many countries, including Israel, are committing to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and finding ways to adapt to the challenges of rising temperatures.
While Israel made commitments in line with Western states, the Israeli delegation was especially focused on its strengths in the last point, adaptation.
“Let’s be real,” Bennett said in his COP26 speech. “Israel is a small country. We’re less than a third of the size of Scotland.”
However, he added, “our carbon footprint may be small, but our impact on climate change can be mighty. If we’re going to move the needle, we need to contribute Israel’s most valuable source of energy: the energy and brainpower of our people.”
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Bennett cited his government’s “100-step plan,” phasing out coal by 2025, cutting greenhouse-gas emissions to net zero by 2050 and other policies.
However, he said, “behavioral change will only take us so far,” and that is where new technologies that have not been invented yet will come in.”
“As the country with the most start-ups per capita in the world, we must channel our efforts to saving our world,” he added. “This is why I say to our entrepreneurs and innovators: You can be the game changers. You can help save our planet.”
Israel is 60% desert and one of the driest places in the world, but its innovations made it an expert in desert agriculture and the world leader in water technology, Bennett said.
To help Israel’s hi-tech sector pivot to climate solutions, the government established the “Green Sandbox” to provide funds and slash bureaucracy, he said, referring to a cabinet decision approved last week.
“History will judge our generation’s response to this threat– not by how ambitious we are, but by the practical steps we take,” he said. “Israel is the ‘Climate Innovation Nation,’ and we’re ready to lead the way.”
Bennett is in Glasgow for two days, along with Environmental Protection Minister Tamar Zandberg and Energy Minister Karin Elharrar and their entourages, about 36 people. Together with security, press and a number of NGOs, academics and businesses that the Environmental Protection Ministry helped get credentials, the Israeli delegation to COP26 is about 130 people.
Rachel Barr, a climate-change economist and vice president for sustainability of UBQ Materials, the only start-up in the delegation, praised Israel’s business-focused approach.
“We’re from an innovative country, and we believe this is how we’re going to solve our problems,” she said. “We need to get the biggest polluters and the best problem solvers together. Leveraging the power of business to advance sustainability… is how you solve problems.”
By including businesses in its delegation, Israel is signaling its belief that to be sustainable, businesses should have a “triple bottom line” that is good for profits, people and the planet, Barr said.
The task of the COP26 conference was made even more daunting by the failure of the Group of 20 major industrial nations to agree on ambitious new commitments at a summit in Rome over the weekend.
The G20 is responsible for around 80% of emissions of carbon dioxide, the gas produced by burning fossil fuels, which are viewed as the main cause of the heat waves, droughts, floods and storms that are growing in intensity worldwide.
“Humanity has long since run down the clock on climate change,” British Prime Minister Boris Johnson told the opening ceremony. “It’s one minute to midnight on that Doomsday Clock, and we need to act now.”
UN Secretary-General António Guterres reminded the attendees that the six hottest years on record have occurred since 2015.
In his address, US President Joe Biden sought to assure world leaders that the United States would keep its promise to slash greenhouse-gas emissions by more than half by the end of the decade, even as the key policies to ensure those reductions remain uncertain.
Biden, who succeeded former president Donald Trump in January, acknowledged that the US had not always led by example on climate change.
“That’s why my administration is working overtime to show that our climate commitment is action, not words,” he said.
Trump withdrew the US from the Paris Agreement, or Paris Climate Accords. Biden returned to it when he took office.
Biden said the world needed to help developing nations in the climate fight.
“Right now we’re still falling short,” he said.
Biden said he plans to work with the US Congress to launch a $3 billion program in 2024 aimed at helping developing countries adapt to and manage the impact of climate change through locally led measures.
Other speakers, including activists from the poorer countries hardest hit by climate change, delivered a defiant message.
“Pacific youth have rallied behind the cry, ‘We are not drowning; we are fighting,’” said Brianna Fruean from the Polynesian island state of Samoa, which is threatened by rising sea levels. “This is our warrior cry to the world.”
As Johnson took the stage, Swedish activist Greta Thunberg retweeted an appeal for her millions of supporters to sign an open letter accusing the leaders of betrayal.
“This is not a drill. It’s code red for the Earth,” her tweet said. “Millions will suffer as our planet is devastated – a terrifying future that will be created, or avoided, by the decisions you make. You have the power to decide.”
Chinese President Xi Jinping, whose country is by far the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, ahead of the US, told the conference in a written statement that developed countries should not only do more but should also help developing countries to do better.
President Vladimir Putin of Russia, one of the world’s top three oil producers, along with the US and Saudi Arabia, dropped plans to participate in any talks live by video link, the Kremlin said.
Developed countries confirmed last week they would be three years late in meeting the $100b. climate finance pledge, which many poor countries and activists say is insufficient anyway.
The pledges made so far to cut emissions would allow the planet’s average surface temperature to rise 2.7°C this century, which the United Nations says would supercharge the destruction that climate change is already causing.
歐盟拒絕取締整個真主黨恐怖實體
歐洲對將伊斯蘭共和國稱為反猶太主義政權保持沉默
通過BENJAMIN WEINTHAL
2021 年 11 月 1 日 19:12
黎巴嫩真主黨的支持者在黎巴嫩貝魯特南部郊區舉行的葬禮上抬著一具棺材，該人於週四在貝魯特的暴力事件中喪生
（照片來源：穆罕默德·阿扎基爾/路透社）
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在歐洲猶太領導人抱怨歐盟沒有認真計劃打擊歐洲大陸日益抬頭的反猶太主義之際，歐盟發言人告訴《耶路撒冷郵報》，歐盟不會禁止真主黨的整個恐怖主義運動，並拒絕說明伊斯蘭共和國是一個反猶太主義政權。
當郵報詢問全面禁止真主黨時，歐盟委員會打擊反猶太主義和促進猶太人生活協調員 Katharina von Schnurbein 將這個問題拋給了她的歐盟上級。
歐盟外交政策發言人彼得斯塔諾告訴郵報，“真主黨的軍事部門已經在歐盟的恐怖名單上。現有清單的性質和範圍的任何變化都由歐盟成員國一致討論和決定。”
2012 年，真主黨特工在保加利亞布爾加斯炸毀了一輛以色列旅遊巴士，殺害了五名以色列人和他們的保加利亞穆斯林巴士司機後，歐盟只是禁止了真主黨的軍事部門。
真主黨認為它的組織是一個不能分為軍事和政治部分的統一運動。部分禁令引發真主黨發言人易卜拉欣·穆薩維 (Ibrahim Mousawi) 於 2013 年重申該組織其他高級官員多年來所說的話：“真主黨是一個單一的大型組織。我們沒有彼此分開的翅膀。”
當被問及真主黨的主要支持者和戰略盟友伊朗伊斯蘭共和國是否是一個反猶太主義政權時，斯塔諾說：“歐盟非常明確地譴責了普遍的反猶太主義和任何人要求摧毀以色列的呼籲。誰提出了這種令人無法接受的電話。”
反誹謗聯盟國家主任喬納森格林布拉特禮貌
反誹謗聯盟首席執行官喬納森·格林布拉特 (Jonathan Greenblatt) 於 2020 年在眾議院情報和反恐小組委員會作證，並在聽證會上表示，伊朗政權是否認大屠殺和反猶太主義的最大國家支持者。
格林布拉特 6 月下旬在新聞周刊上寫道，“伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西在宣傳《議定書》方面發揮了實際作用，這是將猶太人妖魔化和使其合法化的持續運動的一部分。” 錫安長老議定書是“俄羅斯情報機構在 19 世紀偽造的……旨在將猶太人作為帝國苦難的替罪羊。”
歐盟委員會不宣布伊斯蘭共和國為反猶太主義政權的幾個原因可能是為了就該國的核計劃達成一致而試圖不激怒德黑蘭的神職人員領導人。
歐盟成員國也受到伊朗市場和貿易協議的鼓舞，包括伊朗龐大的石油和天然氣生產過程。
當被問及歐盟是否會譴責伊朗政權致命的反猶太主義和否認大屠殺時，這位發言人說：“我們每次遇到此類言論時都會這樣做，不僅僅是在伊朗的情況下。”
歐盟委員會司法發言人克里斯蒂安·維甘德 (Christian Wigand) 告訴《華盛頓郵報》，“歐盟委員會重申其對全球反猶太主義鬥爭的堅定而明確的承諾。任何形式的反猶太主義、煽動仇恨和暴力都是不可接受的，也不符合歐盟及其成員國的價值觀和目標。它必須通過歐洲和國家層面的形式行動來解決。這些原則對歐洲人來說是沒有商量餘地的。”
真主黨被廣泛認為是一個深度反猶的恐怖組織，因為它的恐怖主義目標是猶太人，並呼籲消滅猶太國家。德國、英國、美國、荷蘭、阿拉伯聯盟、日本、加拿大以及許多其他歐洲和拉丁美洲國家已將真主黨的整個組織禁止為恐怖實體。
反猶太主義事務專員 Katharina von Schnurbein 拒絕就歐盟是否應該取締這個世界上最致命的反猶太主義組織發表意見，這是一種不尋常的情況。
她告訴郵報：“謝謝你的回复。請參閱歐盟委員會發言人服務處昨天的答复（附後）。今後請將您的要求發送給負責新聞查詢的同事。”
10 月 13 日，JTA 的 Cnaan Liphshiz 報導稱，“歐盟打擊反猶太主義的計劃‘不嚴肅’，”猶太社區領袖說。這篇文章主要涉及歐盟計劃中概述的猶太人缺乏宗教自由。
該計劃的標題是“歐盟打擊反猶太主義和促進猶太人生活的戰略（2021-2030）”。這份 26 頁的文件沒有提到真主黨或伊朗伊斯蘭共和國。伊朗政權在歐洲首都舉行的年度聖城集會期間，對猶太人和以色列人民和組織進行了監視，計劃暗殺並在整個歐洲煽動致命的反猶太主義。聖城集會促進了猶太國家的毀滅。
被美國指定為恐怖組織的伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊支付了巴基斯坦人海德爾賽義德穆斯塔法的報酬，暗殺一名歐洲猶太人，並監視德國和法國的猶太和以色列組織和個人。
2017 年，一家德國法院判定穆斯塔法有罪，因為他獲得了有關德以友好協會前任主任和巴黎一所經濟大學的法以教授的情報。穆斯塔法被判處四年零三個月的監禁。
穆斯塔法監視了法以商業。大衛·魯阿赫教授在巴黎高等商學院任教，並擔任法以商會會長，據德國當局稱，他的行為“清楚地表明暗殺企圖。”
民主和共和總統領導下的美國政府將伊朗政權列為世界上最糟糕的恐怖主義支持者。
EU refuses to outlaw the entire Hezbollah terrorist entity
Europe stays mum on terming the Islamic Republic an antisemitic regime
By BENJAMIN WEINTHAL
NOVEMBER 1, 2021 19:12
Supporters of Lebanon's Hezbollah carry a coffin of a person who was killed in violence in Beirut on Thursday, during their funeral in Beirut's southern suburbs, Lebanon
(photo credit: MOHAMED AZAKIR/REUTERS)
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Amid complaints by European Jewish leaders that the European Union does not have a serious plan to fight rising antisemitism on the continent, a spokesman for the EU told The Jerusalem Post that the EU will not ban the entire terrorist movement Hezbollah and declines to say if the Islamic Republic is an antisemitic regime.
When the Post asked about a full ban of Hezbollah, Katharina von Schnurbein, the European Commission Coordinator on combating Antisemitism and fostering Jewish life, punted the question to her EU superiors.
Peter Stano, EU Spokesperson for Foreign Policy, told the Post that “The military wing of Hezbollah is already on EU terror list. Any changes in the nature and scope of the existing listing are for EU Member States to discuss and decide by unanimity.”
After Hezbollah operatives blew up an Israeli tourist bus in 2012 in Burgas, Bulgaria, murdering five Israelis and their Bulgarian Muslim bus driver, the EU merely proscribed Hezbollah’s military wing.
Hezbollah considers it organization to be a unified movement that cannot be divided into military and political parts. The partial ban sparked Hezbollah spokesman Ibrahim Mousawi, in 2013, to reiterate what other top officials of the organization have stated over the years: “Hezbollah is a single, large organization. We have no wings that are separate from one another.”
When asked if the Islamic Republic of Iran—the chief sponsor and strategic ally of Hezbollah—is an antisemitic regime, Stano said that the “EU has been very clear in its condemnation of antisemitism in general and of the calls for destruction of Israel by anyone who comes up with such unacceptable calls.”
Anti-Defamation League National Director Jonathan Greenblatt Courtesy
The Anti-Defamation League’s CEO ,Jonathan Greenblatt, testified before the House Subcommittee on Intelligence and Counterterrorism in 2020 and said at the hearing that Iran’s regime is the top state-sponsor of Holocaust denial and antisemitism.
Greenblatt wrote in Newsweek in late June that " Iranian president Ebrahim Raisi, played a hands-on role in promoting The Protocols as part of a sustained campaign to demonize and delegitimize the Jewish people." The Protocols of the Elders of Zion was "a 19th century forgery by Russian intelligence services…designed to scapegoat Jews for the empire's hardships."
Several reasons why the EU commission won’t declare the Islamic Republic an antisemitic regime might be explained by attempts not to upset the clerical leaders in Tehran in order to reach an agreement on the nation’s nuclear program.
European Union member nations are also animated by Iranian markets and trade deals, including Iran’s vast oil and gas production process.
When questioned if the EU will condemn the Iranian's regime lethal antisemitism and Holocaust denial, the spokesperson said “We do it everytime we are confronted with such remarks, not only in case of Iran.”
Christian Wigand, EU Commission Spokesperson for Justice, told the Post that “The European Commission reaffirms its firm and unequivocal commitment to the global fight against antisemitism. Any form of antisemitism, incitement to hatred and violence is unacceptable and incompatible with the values and aims of the European Union and its Member States. It must be addressed through form action, both at European and national level. These principles are non-negotiable for the European.”
Hezbollah is widely considered a deeply antisemitic terrorist organization because of its terrorism targeting Jews and calls for the elimination of the Jewish state. Germany, Britain, the US, the Netherlands, the Arab League, Japan, Canada and many additional European and Latin American countries have proscribed Hezbollah's entire organizaiton a terrorist entity.
It is an unusual situation when the commissioner to combat antisemitism, Katharina von Schnurbein, declines to deliver her view on whether the EU should outlaw the world’s most deadly antisemitic organization.
She told the Post: “Thank you for your reply. May I refer you to the reply which you received yesterday from the Spokespeoples’ Service of the European Commission (attached). Please send your requests in the future to the colleagues in charge of press queries.”
On October 13, the JTA’s Cnaan Liphshiz reported that “European Union plan to fight antisemitism ‘not serious,” Jewish community leaders say.” The article dealt mainly with the lack of religious freedom for Jews outlined in the EU plan.
The plan is titled “EU Strategy on Combating Antisemitism and Fostering Jewish Life (2021-2030).” The 26-page document does not cite Hezbollah or the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran’s regime has conducted surveillance on Jewish and Israeli people and organizastions, planned an assasination and stokes lethal antisemitism across Europe during its annual Al-Quds rallies in European capital. The al-Quds rally promotes the obliteration of the Jewish state.
Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which was designated by the US as a terrorist organization, paid the Pakistani man, Haider Syed Mustafa, carry out an assassination of a European Jew and monitor Jewish and Israeli organizations and individuals in Germany and France.
In 2017, a German court convicted Mustafa for securing intelligence on the former director of the German-Israel Friendship Society and on a French-Israeli professor from an economic university in Paris. Mustafa was sentenced to four years and three months in prison.
Mustafa spied on French-Israeli business Prof. David Rouach, who teaches at the elite Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris and served as head of the French-Israeli Chamber of Commerce, and, according to German authorities, his actions were “a clear indication of an assassination attempt.”
The US government, under both democratic and republican presidents, has classified Iran’s regime as the world’s worst state-sponsor of terrorism.
COP26：伊朗在貝內特氣候會議的會議上處於領先地位
納夫塔利·貝內特總理在聯合國氣候大會期間的雙邊會議上會見了少數其他世界領導人。伊朗是一個持續的主題。
通過LAHAV哈爾科夫
2021 年 11 月 1 日 22:08
以色列總理納夫塔利·貝內特、美國總統喬·拜登和英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜於 2021 年 11 月 1 日在英國蘇格蘭格拉斯哥參加慶祝聯合國氣候變化大會 (COP26) 開幕日的晚間招待會時聊天。
（照片來源：ALBERTO PEZZALI/POOL VIA REUTERS）
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格拉斯哥——週一在格拉斯哥舉行的聯合國氣候大會期間，伊朗在納夫塔利·貝內特總理的雙邊會議中發揮了重要作用。
貝內特和法國總統馬克龍舉行了一對一的會晤，他們討論了中東面臨的挑戰，其中最重要的是伊朗近幾個月來的先進鈾濃縮。
法國是 2015 年核協議的締約方，並支持恢復談判以重新加入該協議，英國也是如此，其首相鮑里斯·約翰遜將於週二與貝內特會面。
英國、法國、德國和美國周六發表聲明，指責伊朗將鈾濃縮到不再有可靠的民用用途，並表明其正在實施武器計劃。然而，他們呼籲伊朗重返談判桌，美國總統喬·拜登在聲明中承諾重返伊朗協議並留在其中，只要伊朗也這樣做。
伊朗也在聯合國氣候大會上與澳大利亞總理斯科特莫里森會面。貝內特要求莫里森在即將於本月晚些時候召開的國際原子能機構理事會會議上呼籲對伊朗進行強烈譴責。
國際原子能機構（IAEA）總幹事拉斐爾·格羅西於 2021 年 9 月 13 日抵達奧地利維也納，參加 IAEA 理事會會議的開始。（圖片來源：REUTERS/LEONHARD FOEGER）
總理還表示，澳大利亞應將真主黨列為恐怖組織。
澳大利亞和歐盟一樣，只禁止了真主黨的一部分——它的外部安全組織——而不是整個黎巴嫩恐怖組織。
今年早些時候，澳大利亞議會討論了此事，當時一個委員會建議禁止所有真主黨，並預計將再次在堪培拉提出。
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貝內特還向法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍 (Emmanuel Macron) 做出承諾，此前有人指控以色列擁有的網絡安全公司 NSO 的軟件可能已被用於入侵馬克龍的手機。
一位外交消息人士稱，兩位領導人周一在格拉斯哥舉行的 COP26 氣候會議間隙的會議上討論了此事，同意繼續謹慎處理此事。
貝內特和馬克龍還同意向前邁進，繼續加强两國之間的合作。
納夫塔利·貝內特總理在格拉斯哥會見法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍（圖片來源：CHAIM TZACH/GPO）
7 月，一個包含數千個電話號碼的數據庫被洩露給多家媒體，這些電話號碼據稱是 NSO 的 Pegasus 軟件的目標。其中包括馬克龍的個人手機，以及其他幾位法國內閣成員的手機，這些手機可能是摩洛哥安全部門的目標。NSO 拒絕與該列表有任何联系。
Pegasus 是在國防部許可下出售的，馬克龍在他的名字出現在名單上後向以色列投訴。以色列承諾調查此事。
貝內特還邀請莫里森夫婦訪問以色列。他說澳大利亞是以色列的“好朋友和大力支持者”，並表示他希望加强两國之間的聯繫。
總理還會見了意大利總理馬里奧·德拉吉和洪都拉斯總統胡安·奧蘭多·埃爾南德斯。他在領導人發表演講的大廳旁與加拿大總理賈斯汀·特魯多和德國總理安格拉·默克爾進行了交談。
週二，貝內特計劃與英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜和印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪會面。
拜登承諾美國對伊朗無人機襲擊做出回應，呼籲重新談判
在美軍在敘利亞遭到襲擊後，美國財政部對伊朗的無人機計劃實施了新的製裁。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫
2021 年 11 月 1 日 16:12
美國總統喬拜登於2021年10月31日在意大利羅馬舉行的G20領導人峰會上舉行新聞發布會。
（照片來源：KEVIN LAMARQUE/REUTERS）
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美國總統喬拜登週六表示，在與歐洲主要大國就制止伊朗核野心的外交措施進行會談後，美國將對伊朗的任何無人機襲擊和/或德黑蘭採取的任何違反美國利益的步驟作出回應。
“關於我們將如何回應他們針對美國利益採取的行動——無論是無人機襲擊還是其他任何事情——我們是否會做出回應，我們將繼續做出回應，”拜登在參加格拉斯哥聯合國氣候變化會議之前在羅馬告訴記者。
週五，在伊朗 10 月初無人機襲擊美國在敘利亞的軍事基地之後，美國財政部對伊朗發布了新的製裁措施，專門針對伊斯蘭革命衛隊 (IRGC) 無人機計劃。
美國財政部表示，伊斯蘭革命衛隊一直在提供無人駕駛飛行器 (UAV) 或無人機，供伊朗支持的團體使用，包括黎巴嫩激進組織真主黨，以及受危機影響的埃塞俄比亞。
此舉是拜登政府對伊朗採取的外交走鋼絲的一部分，因為它繼續對德黑蘭的軍事威脅採取行動，即使它尋求恢復 2015 年的核協議，前特朗普政府於 2018 年退出了該協議。
JCPOA 聯合委員會最近在維也納舉行的會議。以色列能否說服拜登政府停止其重返協議的競賽？（信用：路透社）
為恢復該協議而進行的最新一輪間接談判，即聯合綜合行動計劃（JCPOA），預計將於 11 月底舉行。伊核協議由德黑蘭與美國、俄羅斯、中國、法國、德國和英國等六國簽署。
週六在羅馬舉行的 G20 峰會期間，拜登會見了該協議的歐洲簽署國領導人，即英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜、德國總理安格拉·默克爾和法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍。
拜登說：“我們聚在一起重申我們的共同信念，即外交——外交是防止伊朗獲得核武器的最佳方式，我們討論瞭如何最好地鼓勵伊朗恢復認真、真誠的談判。”
拜登表示，重啟該協議的談判能否成功將部分取決於其他簽署國是否願意以可信的方式威脅伊朗，如果伊朗拒絕恢復該協議，則對其實施制裁。
JCPOA 的複興“將取決於他們 [伊朗] 的行動以及我們的朋友們的意願，他們是最初協議的一部分，堅持我們並確保如果他們不能回來，他們會在經濟上付出代價，”拜登說。
美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯在接受哥倫比亞廣播公司採訪時表示，如果伊朗談判失敗，拜登政府將尋求其他選擇。
“每個選項都擺在桌面上，”布林肯說。“總統非常準備在我們選擇的時間和地點採取任何適當的行動，以任何適當的方式防止和阻止伊朗從事這些活動或其代理人從事這些活動。”
他說，特別令人擔憂的是伊朗在生產用於核武器的裂變材料方面的持續進步。“不幸的是，伊朗正在積極推進其計劃，”他說。
如果談判繼續拖延，布林肯還質疑 JCPOA 的有效性。
“另一件越來越短的事情是我們擁有的跑道，如果我們重新遵守協議並且伊朗重新遵守協議，我們實際上會重新獲得協議的所有好處。伊朗學得足夠多，做得足夠多，所以這開始成為一個問題，”布林肯說。
“我們仍然相信外交是將核計劃放回協議中的最佳途徑，即所謂的 JCPOA，”布林肯說。
據伊朗一家國有報紙報導，伊朗外交部長周日表示，如果美國認真考慮重新加入該協議，拜登可以發布“行政命令”。
伊朗外交部長侯賽因·阿米拉卜杜拉希安對伊朗日報說：“拜登明天發布行政命令就足夠了，他們[美國]宣布他們將從他的前任離開協議的那一刻重新加入該協議。”
“如果華盛頓有強烈的意願恢復該協議，則完全沒有必要進行所有這些談判。”
德黑蘭表示，自特朗普放棄該協議並稱其對伊朗有利的缺陷後，其核措施是可逆的，“如果華盛頓在可核查的過程中解除制裁”。
由於擔心伊朗現在濃縮鈾接近炸彈級的裂變純度，西方大國一再敦促德黑蘭恢復談判，稱外交窗口不會永遠敞開。
“華盛頓希望繼續特朗普對伊朗實施的大部分制裁。這對伊朗來說是不可接受的，”Amirabdollahian 說。
伊朗否認有任何發展核彈的意圖。
阻礙恢復協議的進展是美國和伊朗在需要採取哪些步驟以及何時採取措施方面存在嚴重分歧。關鍵問題包括德黑蘭將接受哪些核限制以及華盛頓將取消哪些制裁。
除了尋求取消特朗普時代的製裁，包括與伊朗人權記錄和涉嫌支持恐怖主義有關的製裁，德黑蘭還有其他要求，例如保證華盛頓不會再次違背協議。
路透社為本報告做出了貢獻。
COP26: Iran at the fore in Bennett’s meetings at climate conference
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett met with few other world leaders in bilateral meetings during the United Nations Climate Conference. Iran was a running theme.
By LAHAV HARKOV
NOVEMBER 1, 2021 22:08
Israel's Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, U.S. President Joe Biden and Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson chat as they attend an evening reception to mark the opening day of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26), in Glasgow, Scotland, Britain November 1, 2021.
(photo credit: ALBERTO PEZZALI/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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GLASGOW - Iran played a prominent role in Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s bilateral meetings during the United Nations Climate Conference in Glasgow on Monday.
Bennett and French President Macron held a one-on-one meeting, where they discussed challenges in the Middle East, foremost of which was Iran’s advanced enrichment of uranium in recent months.
France was party to the 2015 nuclear deal and supports resuming negotiations to rejoin it, as does the UK, whose Prime Minister Boris Johnson is set to meet with Bennett on Tuesday.
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The UK, France, Germany and the US released a statement on Saturday rapping Iran for enriching uranium to a point at which there is no longer a credible civilian use and indicates a weapons program. However, they called Iran to return to the negotiating table and US President Joe Biden committed in the statement to returning to the Iran deal and staying in it, as long as Iran does the same.
Iran also came up in Bennett’s meeting with Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison at the UN Climate Conference. Bennett asked Morrison to call for a strong condemnation of Iran at the upcoming International Atomic Energy Agency’s upcoming board of governors meeting, set for later this month.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi arrives for the beginning of an IAEA board of governors meeting in Vienna, Austria, September 13, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/LEONHARD FOEGER)
The prime minister also said Australia should designate Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.
Australia, like the EU, only banned part of Hezbollah - its External Security Organization - but not the Lebanese terrorist group in its entirety.
The matter was discussed in Australia’s parliament earlier this year, when a commission recommended proscribing all of Hezbollah, and is expected to come up in Canberra again.
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Bennett also promised French President Emmanuel Macron, following allegations that software from Israeli-owned cybersecurity company NSO may have been used to hack Macron’s phone.
The two leaders discussed the matter in their meeting at the sidelines of the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow on Monday, agreeing to continue to deal with it discreetly, a diplomatic source said.
Bennett and Macron also agreed to move forward and continue to strengthen cooperation between their countries.
PM Naftali Bennett meets with French President Emmanuel Macron in Glasgow (credit: CHAIM TZACH/GPO)
In July, a database featuring thousands of phone numbers alleged to be targets of NSO’s Pegasus software leaked to several media outlets. Among the numbers was Macron’s personal cell phone, as well as those of several other French cabinet members, which may have been targets of Morocco’s security services. NSO denies any connection to the list.
Pegasus is sold with permission from the Defense Ministry, and Macron complained to Israel after his name was found on the list. Israel promised to investigate the matter.
Bennett also invited Morrison and his wife to visit Israel. He said Australia is a “great friend and big supporter” of Israel and saying he hopes to strengthen ties between the countries.
The prime minister also met with Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi and Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez. He spoke with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and German Chancellor Angela Merkel on the sidelines of the hall where leaders gave speeches.
On Tuesday, Bennett plans to meet with UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
伊朗海軍挫敗對亞丁灣油輪的“海盜襲擊”-報告
四艘船，每艘載有六名武裝海盜，企圖劫持正在駛往曼德海峽的油輪。他們在伊朗海軍護航小隊鳴槍示警後折返。
作者：邁克爾·斯塔爾，亞倫·賴希
2021 年 11 月 1 日 11:48
伊朗革命衛隊 (IRGC) 的一艘船於 2019 年 8 月 22 日在伊朗阿巴斯港附近的未公開地點航行。
（照片來源：NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS）
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據伊朗媒體報導，據報導，伊朗海軍挫敗了對一艘駛往亞丁灣、也門以南、經過紅海的油輪的“海盜襲擊”企圖。
據伊朗半官方的塔斯尼姆新聞報導，四艘每艘載有六名武裝海盜的船隻正準備劫持這艘駛往曼德海峽的油輪，但被船上的伊朗海軍小隊擋住了。代理。
報告稱，海盜試圖劫持船隻，但被警告聲嚇跑了，這與許多海盜襲擊未遂事件一致。
這並不是伊朗海軍在該地區擊退海盜襲擊其船隻的唯一報導。10月中旬，國家電視台報導說，五艘海盜船襲擊了兩艘油輪，但被伊朗軍隊嚇跑了。
曼德海峽是世界上最重要的水道之一。它流入紅海，是全球最重要的航運路線之一，其狹窄的通道使其成為海盜襲擊的主要地點，靠近索馬里海岸也是該地區許多海盜的發源地。
BAB-EL MANDEB 是阿拉伯半島和非洲大陸之間的重要海上咽喉要道，也是索馬里海盜活動的焦點。（信用：維基共享資源）
英國海事和貿易組織 (UKMTO) 在其季度報告中表示，海盜襲擊事件有所減少，但非海盜事件（例如無人機襲擊）呈上升趨勢。UKMTO 往往只記錄交戰，而不記錄海盜被擊退的事件。
這些襲擊往往是由快艇進行的，這些快艇靠近更大的船隻，然后海盜使用梯子爬上船。然後他們控制了這艘船和船員尋求贖金。
近年來，由於船上有武裝保安人員，以及該地區友好海軍部隊的存在，海盜活動急劇減少。
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據塔斯尼姆報導，伊朗還聲稱其海軍增加了在該地區的存在以保護航運。
在伊朗支持的恐怖組織真主黨的要求下，它還一直通過紅海向黎巴嫩派遣更多油輪，以提供石油，以試圖緩解持續的燃料危機，儘管黎巴嫩政府對此表示反對，他們認為這是侵犯了自己的主權。
Tzvi Joffre 和路透社為本報告做出了貢獻。
Iran navy thwarts 'pirate attack' on oil tanker in Gulf of Aden - report
Four boats, each carrying six armed pirates, attempted to hijack the tanker, which was heading for the Bab-el Mandeb Strait. They turned back after an Iranian Navy escort squad fired warning shots.
By MICHAEL STARR, AARON REICH
NOVEMBER 1, 2021 11:48
A boat of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard (IRGC) sails, at undisclosed place off the coast of Bandar Abbas, Iran August 22, 2019.
(photo credit: NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS)
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Iran's Navy has reportedly thwarted an attempted "pirate attack" on an oil tanker sailing for the Gulf of Aden, south of Yemen and past the Red Sea, Iranian media has reported.
Four boats, each carrying six armed pirates were en-route to hijacking the tanker, which was heading for the Bab-el Mandeb Strait, but they were warded off by an Iranian Navy squad aboard the vessel, according to Iran's semi-official Tasnim News Agency.
The report claimed the pirates tried to hijack the vessel but were scared off by the warning shots, which is in line with many attempted pirate attacks.
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This is not the only reported instance of Iranian naval forces repelling pirate attacks on their ships in the region. In mid-October, state television reported that five pirate ships attacked two oil tankers, but were scared away by Iranian forces.
The Bab-el Mandeb Strait is one of the most vital waterways in the world. Flowing into the Red Sea, it is dominates one of the most important global shipping routes and its narrow passages make it a prime spot for pirate attacks, as does its proximity to the Somali coast, from where many pirates in the region originate.
BAB-EL MANDEB, a key maritime chokepoint between the Arabian peninsula and African continent, was a focal point of Somali piracy. (credit: Wikimedia Commons)
The UK Maritime and Trade Organization (UKMTO) said in its quarterly report that pirate attacks were down, though non-piracy incidents (such as drone strikes) were on the rise. The UKMTO tends to only record engagements and not incidents in which pirates were warded off.
These attacks tend to be carried out by fast boats that draw alongside the much larger vessels and the pirates then climb aboard using ladders. They then take control of the ship and the crew seeking a ransom.
Piracy has declined dramatically in recent years due to the presence of armed security guards aboard vessels, as well as the presence of friendly naval forces in the area.
Iran also claims that its navy has increased its presence in the area to protect shipping, Tasnim reported.
It has also been sending more oil tankers through the Red Sea towards Lebanon to provide oil to try to alleviate the ongoing fuel crisis at the behest of Iran-backed terror group Hezbollah, though this has been opposed by the Lebanese government, who consider it a breach of its own sovereignty.
Tzvi Joffre and Reuters contributed to this report.
阿富汗藏紅花種植者擔心塔利班將大量禁止女性勞動力
國家的“紅金”香料被公認為世界上最好的香料
作者：ARSHAD MEHMOOD/媒體熱線
2021 年 11 月 1 日 01:34
2021 年 9 月 10 日，阿富汗男子在阿富汗赫拉特的一座清真寺內散步。
（圖片來源：VIA REUTERS）
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藏紅花有可能幫助緩解阿富汗嚴峻的經濟困難。該國長期以來一直生產世界上最好的一些藏紅花，這種香料在某些地區已在很大程度上取代了鴉片種植，因為它是一種更有價值的作物。
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然而，塔利班希望限製女性勞動力的願望可能會阻礙藏紅花的生產。
伊朗生產了世界上幾乎所有的藏紅花，按重量計算，長期以來一直是世界上最昂貴的香料。在過去幾年中，阿富汗的農作物越來越受歡迎，該國成為僅次於伊朗和印度的第三大生產國。
例如，在 2020 年，總部位於布魯塞爾的國際口味研究所將 Heart Province 的阿富汗藏紅花公司的產品評為世界上最好的產品。
該研究所還將 2021 年鑽石品味獎授予另一家阿富汗公司 Kaihan Saffron 農業公司。
阿富汗女孩撤離到阿聯酋.EHAN SCHWARTZ（以色列）
阿富汗絕大多數藏紅花產自赫拉特省；在大多數地區，藏紅花
種植已取代鴉片。
最近被推翻的西方支持的政府鼓勵罌粟農民種植藏紅花，以減少麻醉品的生產。
不幸的是，由於高層腐敗和缺乏適當的治理，該國仍然是世界上最大的鴉片和海洛因生產國，佔全球產量的 80% 至 90%。
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藏紅花在阿富汗具有獨特的地位，是一種可行的替代品。
藏紅花出口商、赫拉特商會成員 Shehzada Zeb Gul 告訴媒體，“過去 10 年來，阿富汗藏紅花一直被認為是全球最佳品質的產品。”
“由於藏紅花和鴉片的價格存在巨大差異，[赫拉特]的大多數農民已經放棄種植罌粟，因為藏紅花是一種更有利可圖的作物，”他繼續說道。“一公斤藏紅花 [在阿富汗] 的售價至少為 1,400 至 1,800 美元；同時，它可以在全球範圍內以高達 4,500 美元的價格進行交易。
“鴉片的價格遠低於這個價格，塔利班嚴格禁止開放鴉片貿易，”他補充說。
“藏紅花可能是阿富汗的一個新興產業，但它需要一個全面的技術戰略，這在該國的新統治者身上還沒有看到，”古爾說。
喀布爾前農業部主任艾哈邁德舒賈特告訴媒體，“僅在赫拉特，至少有 22,000 個家庭從事藏紅花的種植和生產。”
“女性對種植藏紅花的貢獻也很高，但不幸的是，塔利班對女工的強硬立場嚴重阻礙了該國利潤豐厚的生產，”他繼續說道。
“在這個國家經濟結構崩潰、普通人陷入困境的時候，藏紅花生產有可能成為經濟和社會流動的驅動力，”舒賈特說。
藏紅花來自藏紅花番紅花（Crocus sativus）的柱頭和花柱。
每朵花產生三個柱頭，生產一公斤香料需要15萬多朵花。
幾個世紀以來，藏紅花一直被用於烹飪，以獲得色彩和精緻的風味。它還用於製造藥物和香水。
根據阿富汗國家藏紅花發展計劃，藏紅花在阿富汗已有 2000 年的歷史。
“世界[每年]生產大約 300 噸乾藏紅花細絲和粉末，而根據氣候和土壤條件，阿富汗可以生產 50 至 70 噸，”根據該計劃。由於其高價值，阿富汗藏紅花是也被稱為“紅金”。鮮豔的紫色花朵在十月和十一月收穫。大多數是女性農民在花乾之前一大早就開始採摘花。後來，他們將花瓣分成兩部分並拔出線或柱頭。這是一項高技能和艱鉅的工作。
其他省份也種植藏紅花，但阿富汗近 90% 的藏紅花產自赫拉特。藏紅花的種植