本集介紹

2021.05.28 國際新聞導讀-愛爾蘭國會通過譴責以色列屯墾區法案、美國國務卿布林肯訪問以色列、巴勒斯坦、約旦、埃及，埃及下周舉辦以色列與哈瑪斯直接會談、伊朗核武發展不停

愛爾蘭成為第一個指責以色列“事實上的吞併”的歐盟國家
愛爾蘭議會在星期三晚上在政府的支持下一致通過了一項譴責在西岸“事實上的吞併”的決議，同時投票通過了一項驅逐以色列大使的議案。
通過拉哈夫·哈科夫（LAHAV HARKOV）
2021年5月27日16:20

足球-國際友誼賽-北愛爾蘭v以色列-英國貝爾法斯特溫莎公園-2018年9月11日在體育場外的山丘上顯示免費巴勒斯坦消息
（照片來源：CLODAGH KILCOYNE /路透社）
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愛爾蘭議會在星期三晚上在政府的支持下一致批准了一項譴責以色列“事實上吞併”西岸的決議。它拒絕了驅逐以色列大使的動議。
反對猶太和薩馬里亞猶太社區的動議是反對黨辛恩·費因的倡議，長期以來一直採取反以色列立場。但是它也得到了政府的支持。
愛爾蘭外交大臣西蒙·科韋尼說，該決議使愛爾蘭成為第一個正式指責以色列吞併以色列的歐盟成員國。
他在星期二對愛爾蘭議會說：“這不是我要說的話，或者我認為這所房子是輕描淡寫的。。。但這反映了我們對這些行動的意圖及其影響的巨大關切。” 。
科韋尼說：“以色列在擴大定居點方面的行動的規模，步伐和戰略性質及其背後的意圖使我們到了必須誠實對待實際情況的地步。” “這實際上是吞併。”
歷屆愛爾蘭政府長期以來一直高度批評以色列，並在歐盟中發揮領導作用，要求對他們所說的以色列虐待行為採取更嚴厲的應對措施。
歐盟的外交政策是由協商一致制定的，愛爾蘭，盧森堡，比利時，瑞典和其他國家的製裁建議始終被對以色列更友好的成員國否決。
在議案辯論中，國會議員帕特里夏·瑞安（Patricia Ryan）將加沙的事件與大屠殺進行了比較，國會議員布里德·史密斯（Brid Smith）說，在英國，愛爾蘭，以色列聯盟說。
該決議說：“以色列事實上吞併了建有定居點的約旦河西岸的土地”，並犯有“公然違反國際法的罪行”。
應科維尼的要求，該動議經修正後說，立法機關“譴責哈馬斯和其他好戰組織的暴力行為，包括從加沙向以色列發射火箭彈和燃燒彈。”
該修正案還譴責“以色列轟炸加沙地帶平民和重要基礎設施的無可辯駁的反應”。
辛恩·費因（SinnFéin）對修正案投了反對票。
以色列國防軍在“牆衛士”行動中對加沙地帶襲擊了1000多次，主要是針對恐怖分子基礎設施的精確打擊。
罷工造成約60名平民喪生。加沙的大部分傷亡是哈馬斯恐怖分子。包括兒童在內的許多傷亡是由恐怖分子發射的火箭造成的，這些火箭沒有到達以色列，而是降落在加沙地帶。
外交部表示，它“完全拒絕愛爾蘭對猶太和撒馬利亞的以色列社區的殘酷和毫無根據的立場”，並且愛爾蘭正在授予“巴勒斯坦極端主義派別的勝利”。
外交部發言人利爾·海亞特（Lior Haiat）在推特上說：“這一立場反映了公然的單邊和簡單化的政策。”
在以色列公民受到哈馬斯恐怖組織從加沙地帶發射的4000多枚火箭彈襲擊以色列公民的時候，做出“反以色列的聲明”是“不可接受的”。工信部說。
愛爾蘭-以色列聯盟執行董事傑基·古道爾（Jackie Goodall）表示，該議案意味“愛爾蘭看起來將採取一種立場，以免其成為中東的潛在和平中間人，並免除愛爾蘭國家對非公開敵視的任何藉口。猶太國家。”
“這是特別難過，看到許多[立法者]誰自稱是以色列的朋友拋棄以色列，”她說。“沒有人說出要捍衛以色列。有人提到了和平的願望，但都落在了一邊–反對以色列國。”
古德爾說：“似乎愛爾蘭的政治力量決心鞏固愛爾蘭作為最反以色列的西方國家的地位。” “以色列和以色列人民仍然可以指望愛爾蘭人民中的許多朋友和盟友，但在其領導人中卻很少。”
國會下議院戴勒（Dáil）也否決了贏利人民黨（PBP）驅逐以色列大使86-46的議案。議案沒有約束力。
該動議指控以色列犯有戰爭罪，種族清洗和非法定居點擴張。它說：“在這種情況下，以色列大使在愛爾蘭的存在是站不住腳的。”
PBP議員史密斯（Smith）在推特上說，這只是驅逐以色列大使的第一次嘗試。
她寫道：“在巴勒斯坦得到正義之前，我們將重返這一行列。” “對那些自稱是巴勒斯坦朋友並投反對票的人感到羞恥。”
在愛爾蘭的執政聯盟中，綠黨要求獲得自由，以便能夠投票贊成該動議，但遭到拒絕。
在周三的投票之後，綠黨表示，他們將尋求推動佔領區法案，該法案要求對從西岸，戈蘭高地和東耶路撒冷出售的產品處以重罰。
該法案已在達伊爾和西納德（參議院）多次提出，但從未以違反歐盟貿易法為由而成為法律。
Ireland becomes first EU state to accuse Israel of 'de-facto annexation'
Ireland’s parliament unanimously approved a resolution condemning “de facto annexation” in the West Bank with government support on Wednesday night, while voting down a motion to expel Israel’s ambassador.
By LAHAV HARKOV
MAY 27, 2021 16:20
Soccer Football - International Friendly - Northern Ireland v Israel - Windsor Park, Belfast, Britain - September 11, 2018 Free Palestine message displayed on a hill outside the stadium
(photo credit: CLODAGH KILCOYNE/REUTERS)
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The Irish parliament unanimously approved a resolution condemning Israeli “de facto annexation” in the West Bank with government support on Wednesday night. It rejected a motion to expel Israel’s ambassador.
The motion against Jewish communities in Judea and Samaria was an initiative of opposition party Sinn Féin, which has long taken an anti-Israel position. But it also had the support of the government.
Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney said the resolution made Ireland the first EU member state to officially accuse Israel of annexation.
“This is not something that I or, in my view, this house says lightly… But it reflects the huge concern we have about the intent of the actions and, of course, their impact,” he told the Irish parliament on Tuesday.
“The scale, pace and strategic nature of Israel’s actions on settlement expansion and the intent behind it have brought us to a point where we need to be honest about what is actually happening on the ground,” Coveney said. “It is de facto annexation.”
Successive Irish governments have long been highly critical of Israel and have taken a leading role in the EU to press for harsher responses to what they claim are Israeli abuses.
EU foreign policy is set by consensus, and proposals by Ireland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Sweden and others for sanctions are always vetoed by member states that are friendlier to Israel.
During the debate on the motion, MP Patricia Ryan compared the events in Gaza to the Holocaust, and MP Brid Smith said charges of antisemitism were false, at a time when there was a 500% spike in antisemitic attacks in the UK, the Ireland-Israel Alliance said.
“Israel has annexed de facto the land in the West Bank on which settlements are built” and is guilty of “flagrant violations of international law,” the resolution says.
At Coveney’s request, the motion was amended to say that the legislature “condemns the violent acts of Hamas and other militant groups, including the firing of rockets and incendiary devices from Gaza into Israel.”
The amendment also condemned the “indefensible response of Israel bombing civilians and essential infrastructure in the Gaza Strip.”
Sinn Féin voted against the amendment.
The IDF struck Gaza more than 1,000 times during Operation Guardian of the Walls, mostly in pinpoint strikes targeting terrorist infrastructure.
The strikes killed about 60 civilians. Most of the casualties in Gaza were Hamas terrorists. Many of the casualties, including to children, were caused by rockets fired by terrorists that did not reach Israel but instead landed in the Gaza Strip.
The Foreign Ministry said it “outright rejects Ireland’s outrageous and baseless position regarding Israeli communities in Judea and Samaria” and that Ireland is granting “a victory for extremist Palestinian factions.”
“This position reflects a blatantly one-sided and simplistic policy,” Foreign Ministry spokesman Lior Haiat tweeted.
It was “unacceptable” to make “anti-Israel statements… at a time when the citizens of Israel were being subject to terror attacks by the more than 4,000 rockets that were launched from the Gaza Strip by the Hamas terrorist organization,” the ministry said.
Ireland-Israel Alliance executive director Jackie Goodall said the motion means “Ireland looks set to adopt a position that removes [it] as a potential peace broker in the Middle East and removes any pretense of the Irish state [not] being overtly hostile to the Jewish state.”
“It was especially sad to see many [lawmakers] who profess to be friends of Israel abandon Israel,” she said. “No one spoke out to defend Israel. Some mentioned wishes for peace, but all came down on one side – against the State of Israel.”
“It seems that the political powers that be in Ireland are determined to solidify Ireland’s status as the most anti-Israel Western nation,” Goodall said. “Israel and the Israeli people can still count on many friends and allies amongst the Irish people, but few amongst its leaders.”
The Dáil, the lower house of parliament, also voted down a motion by the People Before Profit (PBP) Party to expel Israel’s ambassador, 86-46. The motions are nonbinding.
The motion accused Israel of war crimes, ethnic cleansing and illegal settlement expansion. “The Israeli ambassador’s presence in Ireland is untenable in these circumstances,” it said.
This was only the first attempt to expel the Israeli ambassador, Smith, a PBP lawmaker, tweeted.
“We will return to this until there is justice for Palestine,” she wrote. “Shame on those claiming to be friends of Palestine who voted against.”
Within Ireland’s governing coalition, the Greens had asked for freedom to be able to vote in favor of the motion, but they were denied.
Following Wednesday’s vote, the Greens said they would seek to promote the occupied territories bill, which calls for heavy fines on the sale of products from the West Bank, Golan Heights and east Jerusalem.
The bill has repeatedly been advanced in the Dáil and Seanad (Senate), but it never became law on the grounds that it would contravene EU trade laws.
全球氣溫上升“接近”氣候臨界點-聯合國
這項研究表明，從2021年到2025年，每年可能會變暖至少1攝氏度。
由路透社
2021年5月27日03:16

氣候變化積極分子參加了2020年1月17日在瑞士洛桑舉行的“未來運動的星期五”示威活動
（照片來源：REUTERS / PIERRE ALBOUY）
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聯合國（UN）週三表示，全球氣溫在未來五年內將暫時達到比工業化前水平高1.5攝氏度的可能性為40％，而這種可能性正在上升。
這並不意味著世界已經超過了《巴黎氣候協定》設定的長期升溫1.5度的門檻，科學家警告稱，這是避免氣候變化帶來最大災難性影響的上限。《巴黎協定》的目標是將溫度的平均值設定為30年而不是一年。
聯合國世界氣象組織（WMO）秘書長佩特里·塔拉斯（Petteri Taalas）在一份聲明中說，但這確實強調了“我們正在可測量地並且無可避免地接近這一極限”。Taalas將這項研究描述為“大大降低了溫室氣體的排放量”。
這項研究表明，從2021年到2025年，每年可能會變暖至少1攝氏度。
該報告還預測，至少有90％的年份將成為有記錄以來最熱的一年，超過2016年的溫度。
根據WMO 4月的報告，2020年是有記錄以來最溫暖的三年之一，全球平均溫度比工業化前的基準溫度高1.2攝氏度。
美國宇航局紐約戈達德太空研究所所長加文·施密特（Gavin Schmidt）說：“每年的氣溫有一些起伏。” “但是這些長期趨勢是不屈不撓的。”
施密特說：“似乎不可避免地要跨越這些界限，這是因為系統存在延遲，系統存在慣性，而且我們並未真正削減全球排放量，因為然而。”
WMO說，在未來五年中，幾乎所有地區都可能比最近的天氣變暖。
WMO使用來自多個來源的溫度數據，包括NASA和美國國家海洋與大氣管理局（NOAA）。
曾經不尋常的天氣現在變得越來越典型。例如，本月初，美國國家海洋和大氣管理局（NOAA）發布了更新的“氣候正常值”，該數據提供了美國各地溫度和其他氣候措施的基準數據。每十年更新一次的新常態表明，與過去十年相比，美國的基線溫度高得多。
NOAA國家環境信息中心氣候分析和合成部門負責人Russell Vose說，溫度變化既在平均溫度範圍內，又在極端溫度範圍內都在發生。他說，在未來五年中，這些極端情況“很可能會引起人們的注意和記住”。
氣溫升高還會影響區域和全球降水。隨著溫度的升高，蒸發速率增加，並且較熱的空氣可以容納更多的水分。氣候變化還可以改變大氣和海洋中的循環模式。
WMO的報告預測，大西洋上熱帶氣旋的機會將會增加，非洲的薩赫勒地區和澳大利亞可能會更濕，北美的西南地區可能會更乾燥。
這些預測是WMO最近所做的工作的一部分，該工作旨在提供對溫度，降雨量和風向的更短範圍的預測，以幫助各國密切關注氣候變化如何擾亂天氣的狀況。
沃斯說，從海洋和陸地熱浪，冰蓋融化，海洋熱含量上升以及物種向較冷的地方遷移的角度來看，“這不僅僅是溫度。” “大氣，海洋，冰層和生物圈還有其他變化，這些變化都表明世界正在變暖。”
Rising global temperatures 'closer' to climate tipping point - UN
Every year from 2021 through 2025 is likely to be at least 1 degree Celsius warmer, according to the study.
By REUTERS
MAY 27, 2021 03:16
Climate change activists take part in a demonstration of the Fridays for Future movement in Lausanne, Switzerland January 17, 2020
(photo credit: REUTERS/PIERRE ALBOUY)
There is now a 40% chance that global temperatures will temporarily reach 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in the next five years -- and these odds are rising, a UN report said on Wednesday.
This does not yet mean that the world would already be crossing the long-term warming 1.5-degree threshold set by the Paris Climate Accord, which scientists warn is the ceiling to avoid the most catastrophic effects of climate change. The Paris Accord target looks at temperature over a 30-year average, rather than a single year.
But it does underscore that "we are getting measurably and inexorably closer" to that threshold, said UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Secretary-General Petteri Taalas in a statement. Taalas described the study as "yet another wakeup call" to slash greenhouse gas emissions.
Every year from 2021 through 2025 is likely to be at least 1 degree Celsius warmer, according to the study.
The report also predicts a 90% chance that at least one of those years will become the warmest year on record, topping 2016 temperatures.
In 2020 – one of the three warmest years on record – the global average temperature was 1.2 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial baseline, according to an April WMO report.
"There's a little bit of up and down in the annual temperatures," said Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City. "But these long term-trends are unrelenting."
"It seems inevitable that we're going to cross these boundaries," Schmidt said, "and that's because there are delays in the system, there is inertia in the system, and we haven't really made a big cut to global emissions as yet."
Almost all regions are likely to be warmer in the next five years than in the recent past, the WMO said.
The WMO uses temperature data from multiple sources including NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Weather that was once unusual is now becoming typical. Earlier this month, for example, NOAA released its updated "climate normals, " which provide baseline data on temperature and other climate measures across the United States. The new normals -- updated every 10 years -- showed that baseline temperatures across the United States are overwhelmingly higher compared with the past decade.
Temperatures shifts are occurring both on average and in temperature extremes, said Russell Vose, chief of the climatic analysis and synthesis branch at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. Over the next five years, these extremes are "more likely what people will notice and remember," he said.
Warming temperatures also affect regional and global precipitation. As temperatures rise, evaporation rates increase and warmer air can hold more moisture. Climate change also can shift circulation patterns in the atmosphere and ocean.
The WMO report predicts an increased chance of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, that Africa's Sahel and Australia will likely be wetter, and that the southwest of Northern America is likely to be drier.
The projections are part of a recent WMO effort to provide shorter-range forecasts of temperature, rainfall and wind patterns, to help nations keep tabs on how climate change may be disrupting weather patterns.
Looking at marine and land heat waves, ice sheets melting, ocean heat content rising, and species migrating toward colder places, "it's more than just temperature," Vose said. "There are other changes in the atmosphere and in the ocean and in the ice and in the biosphere that all point to a warming world."
埃及邀請以色列和哈馬斯在開羅進行直接對話，以色列接受
埃及邀請以色列和加沙地帶到開羅，討論俘虜的返回和加沙地帶的重建。
由路透社，耶路撒冷郵政工作人員
2021年5月26日20:25

阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·阿爾西西
（照片來源：VASILY FEDOSENKO /路透社）
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埃及總統阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·西西周三對美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯表示，以色列和巴勒斯坦之間的最新事態發展重申，在華盛頓的參與下，雙方必須進行直接對話。
據《簡訊》報導，埃及邀請以色列和加沙到開羅討論俘虜的返回和加沙地帶的重建。
以色列陸軍電台加拉茲在應邀中發推文說：“預計以色列代表團將在下周初抵達埃及。”
它補充說：“目標是達成關於停火和幫助加沙地帶的可能性的諒解。”
布林肯星期三在開羅進行了幾個小時的訪問，這是中東旨在加強停火的遊覽的一部分，該停火結束了以色列和巴勒斯坦激進組織多年來的最嚴重戰鬥。
然後，他在中東之行的最後一站繼續訪問了約旦。
埃及總統在聲明中說，華盛頓和開羅同意加強在鞏固停火和啟動加沙地帶重建進程方面的協調。
Egypt invites Israel and Hamas for direct talks in Cairo, Israel accepts
Egypt invited Israel and Gaza to Cairo to discuss the return of captives and the rebuilding of the Gaza Strip.
By REUTERS, JERUSALEM POST STAFF
MAY 26, 2021 20:25

ABDEL FATTAH AL-SISI
(photo credit: VASILY FEDOSENKO / REUTERS)
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Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi told US Secretary of State Antony Blinken on Wednesday that the latest developments between Israelis and Palestinians reaffirmed the need for direct talks between the two sides with Washington's involvement.
Egypt invited Israel and Gaza to Cairo to discuss the return of captives and the rebuilding of the Gaza Strip, Kan News reported.
"Israel's delegation is expected to arrive in Egypt in the beginning of next week," Galatz, Israel's army radio tweeted in response to the invitation.
"The goal- to come to an understanding regarding the ceasefire and possibilities for helping the [Gaza] Strip," it added.
Blinken visited Cairo for several hours on Wednesday as part of a Middle East tour aimed at shoring up a ceasefire that ended the worst fighting in years between Israel and Palestinian militants.
He then went on to visit Jordan in the last leg of his Middle East tour.
Washington and Cairo agreed to strengthen their coordination in consolidating the ceasefire and launching the reconstruction process in the Gaza Strip, the Egyptian presidency said in its statement.
以色列對美國對加沙的支持感到高興，擔心伊朗會談
外交事務：在“圍牆衛士行動”中，美國確實確實為以色列挺身而出，但與伊朗在維也納發生的故事卻截然不同。
通過拉哈夫·哈科夫（LAHAV HARKOV）
2021年5月27日22:03

總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡和美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯本週在耶路撒冷舉行。
（照片來源：HAIM ZACH / GPO）
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美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯本週對以色列進行了熱烈歡迎，這是他在繼《牆衛報》行動之後首次以新角色訪問該地區。當涉及到伊朗核談判時。
外交部長加比·阿什肯納齊（Gabi Ashkenazi）在本古里安機場的停機坪上會見了布林肯，並表示接待他是“非常榮幸”。與其他以色列官員布林肯會晤一樣，阿什肯納茲（Ashkenazi）慷慨地感謝國務卿“美國在以色列旁邊的堅定立場及其捍衛自己和其公民的權利。”
國務卿強調說，美國總統喬·拜登“在整個暴力事件中都清楚地表明，美國完全支持以色列捍衛自己的權利，以免受到哈馬斯不加區別地向平民發射火箭彈等襲擊。”
美國確實在“牆守衛行動”中為以色列站起來，以色列官員也對幕後感到滿意。美國阻止了聯合國安理會一再發佈單方面聲明的企圖，這些聲明譴責以色列，而無視哈馬斯。布林肯和拜登的聲明明確捍衛了以色列自衛的權利，並譴責了哈馬斯恐怖分子。停火之後，他們承諾補充以色列的鐵穹頂電池。
一個人可能會在這里或那裡盤問單詞；畢竟，在外交中，每個單詞的選擇都有其含義。一些評論員對拜登政府一再提出的巴勒斯坦人和以色列人應得到“平等的安全，和平與尊嚴措施”表示震驚。其他人，包括這位作家在內，都看到拜登的呼籲是對國會批評以色列的人的不成熟和屈服，因此呼籲以色列開始停火。但是，在那種情況下，當時的以色列官員指出，拜登並未設定行動結束的時限，事後看來，我們知道華盛頓只有在以色列安全官員私下說事態逐漸消退時才公開宣布停戰。 。
這並不是說以色列的立場和美國的立場是完全一樣的，但是，正如拜登一再強調的那樣，他的偏好是，分歧大多是密閉解決，而各國則表現出團結一致的陣線。
這樣一來，耶路撒冷的官員們就拜登政府對“牆守衛行動”表示感謝。
1800英里之外的維也納發生了一個完全不同的故事。
在布林肯訪問以色列的同一天，美國與伊朗之間的第五輪間接核談判在奧地利首都開始。談判的目標是讓雙方重返2015年的伊朗核協議，即聯合全面行動計劃（JCPOA）。
以此為基礎，耶路撒冷的官員團結起來反對他們。
當然，有一些以色列智囊團和退休軍官組織被趕出來另說。但是就實際做出決定的人而言，“這是國防部長，外交部長與國防機構中所有高級官員之間的一致意見。總理和以色列所有國防專業人員之間的立場之間沒有任何日光浴，這一協議是不好的。
在耶路撒冷尋找方法幫助重建加沙，同時確保資金不會使哈馬斯受益，甚至破壞哈馬斯之間存在公然矛盾，正如布林肯認為那筆援助會這樣做，而他的特使羅布·馬利（Rob Malley）正在進行談判，以免除哈馬斯和哈馬斯的製裁。巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織的恩人伊朗伊斯蘭共和國。
宣布對以色列的安全作出承諾的同時，在談判恢復一項協議時也是如此，該協議將使伊朗在九年內擁有發展核武器的國際合法性。
以色列在布林肯訪問之前，期間和之後都表達了對這些矛盾之處的擔憂。
總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）在布林肯抵達前一晚的講話中說：“以色列非常珍視我們的朋友，但要確保阿亞圖拉人不會阻止猶太人幾千年的生存，就需要我們勇往直前。和獨立的決定…。無論是否達成協議，我們將竭盡全力防止伊朗使用核武器武裝自己，因為那是我們的存在。”
內塔尼亞胡在第二天站在眨眼旁向新聞界發表聲明時說，他希望美國不會重返JCPOA，這“為伊朗擁有具有國際合法性的核武器庫鋪平了道路。”
埃爾丹在布林肯飛往開羅之前不久說，美國正在屈服於伊朗的“核勒索”：“如果伊朗希望美國如此嚴重地重返該協議，您必須問，他們為什麼要這樣做？我將回答原因：因為在幾年內，該協議結束時，伊朗將不再需要違反該協議，因為它擁有擁有數千台先進離心機的合法性，可以使它在爆炸中爆炸。很短的時間。以色列不能接受這種情況。”
布林肯試圖在一次新聞發布會和12頻道新聞採訪中向以色列公眾提出JCPOA的理由，稱這是“軍備控制史上最受驗證的協議”，沒有它，伊朗就無法接近立即有核彈。他說，JCPOA將“把核問題放回我們製造的盒子中，”直到2030年它失效，美國才能推動使該交易“更長久，更強大”。
但是埃爾丹感嘆，如果伊朗拒絕就核協議的更嚴格條款進行談判，那布林根沒有答案。
布林肯說，他認識到核談判對以色列“具有重大意義”，並強調說，即使美國和以色列在如何實現這一目標上存在分歧，但其共同目標是不讓伊朗獲得炸彈。
國務卿還否認了伊朗總統哈桑·魯哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）關於原則上已經達成協議的說法，他說：“這對我們來說是個新聞……。伊朗是否真的準備好要為之做準備，這仍然是一個懸而未決的問題。恢復合規。陪審團對此仍未作出決定。”
埃爾丹則表示，他“完全相信美國政府（說）時，它不希望伊朗擁有炸彈，這將是非常糟糕的。”
但是，他補充說：“對以色列來說，這不僅非常糟糕，而且是存在利益，因為我們是受到伊朗直接威脅的國家，也是我們周圍建立恐怖組織網絡的國家。”
儘管如此，Erdan和Blinken都將緊張關係視為朋友之間的分歧。
拜登政府與以色列政府之間目前存在的其他潛在緊張點是巴勒斯坦問題，儘管沒人能說多久。
當布林肯在拉馬拉時，他宣布將重新開放在耶路撒冷為巴勒斯坦人服務的美國領事館。
第二天早晨，埃爾丹說，內塔尼亞胡在宣布以色列反對在耶路撒冷設立領事館的消息宣布前幾個小時就告訴布林肯，因為這是以色列的主權領土。值得注意的是，美國是實際上承認耶路撒冷的少數幾個國家之一，拜登表示他不會改變這一政策。
關於以色列與巴勒斯坦的關係以及最終和平計劃的可能性，拜登政府一貫對現實抱有低期望值，為獲得諾貝爾和平獎而努力過頭。
是的，布林肯說，政府認為兩國解決方案“不僅是最好的方法，而且可能是唯一的方法”，但他承認“需要重做許多工作以重建信心。” ……有些信任……可能重新參與的某些條件和環境。”
換句話說，他似乎並沒有向以色列施加任何壓力，要求盡快做出讓步，儘管他確實將定居點活動列在與巴勒斯坦權力機構的付給恐怖分子政策相同的阻礙性行動清單中。
總體而言，布林肯試圖加強巴勒斯坦權力機構到兩國解決方案的結尾，並削弱哈馬斯，這是兩天前國防部長本尼·甘茨所說的確切政策。
華盛頓的官員一直在對以色列人說：“我們不是特朗普政府，我們不是奧巴馬政府-我們是拜登政府。”
儘管他們並沒有像美國前總統唐納德·特朗普那樣與內塔尼亞胡完美地契合，但他們也不想在自己和耶路撒冷之間放任自流，並試圖避免公眾對抗，這與美國前總統巴拉克·奧巴馬時代不同。
緊張情緒低到可以控制的程度。他們沒有沸騰。這種情況是否成立取決於維也納談判的進行方向，以及美國和伊朗是否會重返以色列認為是主要威脅的協議。
Israel pleased with US support with Gaza, worried about Iran talks
DIPLOMATIC AFFAIRS: The US really did stand up for Israel during Operation Guardian of the Walls, but an entirely different story is taking place with Iran in Vienna.
By LAHAV HARKOV
MAY 27, 2021 22:03

PRIME MINISTER Benjamin Netanyahu and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken this week in Jerusalem.
(photo credit: HAIM ZACH/GPO)
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US Secretary of State Antony Blinken got a very warm welcome to Israel this week, on his first visit to the region in his new role after Operation Guardian of the Walls, in which the US and Israel saw mostly eye to eye, but things got chillier when it came to Iran nuclear talks.
Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi met Blinken on the tarmac at Ben-Gurion Airport and said it was “a great honor” to host him. Ashkenazi, like every other Israeli official Blinken met, effusively thanked the secretary of state for “America’s strong stance beside Israel and its right to defend itself and its citizens.”
The secretary of state emphasized that US President Joe Biden “made crystal clear throughout the violence that the US fully supports Israel’s right to defend itself against attacks such as Hamas firing rockets indiscriminately against civilians.”
The US really did stand up for Israel during Operation Guardian of the Walls, and Israeli officials were satisfied behind the scenes, as well. The US blocked repeated attempts by the UN Security Council to release one-sided statements that condemned Israel while ignoring Hamas. Statements from Blinken and Biden unequivocally defended Israel’s right to defend itself and condemned Hamas terrorists. After the truce, they promised to replenish Israel’s Iron Dome batteries.
One could quibble over words here or there; after all, in diplomacy, every word choice has meaning. Some commentators raised an eyebrow at the Biden administration’s repeated formulation that Palestinians and Israelis deserve “equal measures of security, peace and dignity.” Others – including this writer – saw Biden’s call for Israel to start moving toward a ceasefire as premature and a capitulation to Israel critics in Congress; though, in that case, Israeli officials at the time pointed out that Biden did not set a time limit for the operation to end, and in hindsight we know Washington spoke about a truce publicly only once Israeli security officials said privately that things were winding down.
That’s not to say that the Israeli position and the American position were exactly the same, but, as Biden has repeatedly emphasized is his preference, disagreements were mostly worked out behind closed doors, and the countries presented a mostly united front.
As such, officials in Jerusalem were united in their gratitude to the Biden administration when it comes to Operation Guardian of the Walls.
AN ENTIRELY different story was taking place 1,800 miles away, in Vienna.
The fifth round of indirect nuclear talks between the US and Iran began in the Austrian capital on the same day as Blinken’s visit to Israel. The goal of the negotiations is for the sides to return to the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
On that, officials in Jerusalem are united in their opposition.
Sure, there are some Israeli think tankers and organizations of retired military officers who have been trotted out to say otherwise. But as far as the people actually making decisions are concerned, “this is unanimous between the defense minister, foreign minister all the senior officials in the defense establishment. There is no daylight between the prime minister’s stance and that of all the defense professionals in Israel that this agreement is bad,” Ambassador to the US and the UN Gilad Erdan said on KAN Radio on Wednesday.
There is something blatantly contradictory between working in Jerusalem on finding ways to help rebuild Gaza while ensuring the funding does not benefit Hamas and even undermines Hamas, as Blinken posited the aid would do, while his envoy Rob Malley was negotiating to remove sanctions from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad benefactor the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The same goes for declaring a commitment to Israel’s security while in talks to return to an agreement that would give Iran international legitimacy to develop a nuclear weapon in nine years.
And Israeli concerns about those inconsistencies came out before, during and after Blinken’s visit.
“Israel values our friend the US very much,” Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a speech the night before Blinken’s arrival, “but ensuring that the ayatollahs will not stop the thousands of years of existence of the Jewish people will require us to make courageous and independent decisions…. With or without an agreement, we will do everything to prevent Iran from arming itself with a nuclear weapon – because that is our existence.”
Standing next to Blinken for a statement to the press the next day, Netanyahu said he hopes the US will not return to the JCPOA, which “paves the way for Iran to have an arsenal of nuclear weapons with international legitimacy.”
Erdan said shortly before Blinken took off for Cairo that the US is giving in to “nuclear extortion” from Iran: “If Iran wants the US to return to the deal so badly, you have to ask, why do they want it? And I’ll answer why: Because in a few years, when the agreement ends, Iran will no longer have to violate it, because it will have the legitimacy to have thousands of advanced centrifuges that will allow it to break out to a bomb in a very short time. Israel cannot accept this situation.”
Blinken tried to make the case for the JCPOA to the Israeli public in a press conference and an interview with Channel 12 News, saying it is the “most heavily verified agreement in the history of arms control,” and without it Iran can get closer to a nuclear bomb immediately. The JCPOA will “put the nuclear problem back into the box that we constructed,” he said, and until it expires in 2030, the US can push to make the deal “longer and stronger.”
But Erdan lamented that Blinken didn’t have an answer as to what would happen if Iran refuses to negotiate stricter terms for the nuclear agreement.
Blinken said he realizes the nuclear talks are “of great consequence to Israel,” and emphasized that the US and Israel share the goal of not letting Iran get the bomb, even if they disagree on how to attain that goal.
The secretary of state also denied Iranian President Hassan Rouhani’s statement that there is already an agreement in principle, saying “that would be news to us…. It remains an unanswered question whether Iran is actually prepared to do what it needs to do to come back into compliance. The jury is still out on that.”
Erdan, on his part, said he “totally believe[s] the US government [when it says] that it does not want Iran to have the bomb and that would be very bad.”
However, he added, “for Israel it’s not just very bad, it’s an existential interest, because we are the ones directly threatened by Iran, and they are the ones building a network of terror organizations around us.”
Still, both Erdan and Blinken presented the tensions as disagreements between friends.
THE OTHER potential point of tension between the Biden administration and the Israeli government as it currently stands – though no one can say for how much longer – is on the Palestinian issue.
While Blinken was in Ramallah, he announced that he would reopen a US consulate serving Palestinians in Jerusalem.
Erdan said the next morning that Netanyahu had told Blinken hours before the announcement that Israel opposes having a consulate in Jerusalem, because it is sovereign Israeli territory. Notably, the US is one of the few countries that actually recognizes Jerusalem as such, and Biden has said he would not reverse that policy.
When it comes to Israel-Palestinian relations and the possibility of an eventual peace plan, the Biden administration has been consistent in having realistically low expectations, overreaching to try to get a Nobel Peace Prize.
Yes, Blinken said the administration believes that the two-state solution is “not just the best way, but probably the only way” forward, but he admitted that “a lot of work needs to be redone to try to rebuild some confidence… some trust… some conditions and an environment in which it might be possible to reengage.”
In other words, he didn’t seem to be putting pressure on Israel to make concessions anytime soon, though he did list settlement activity in the same short list of obstructive actions as the Palestinian Authority’s policy of paying terrorists.
Overall, Blinken sought to strengthen the PA to the end of a two-state solution and also to weaken Hamas, which is the exact policy Defense Minister Benny Gantz described as “essential” two days earlier.
OFFICIALS IN Washington have been saying to Israelis “We’re not the Trump administration, we’re not the Obama administration – we’re the Biden administration.”
While they’re not almost perfectly aligned with Netanyahu the way former US president Donald Trump was, they’re also not looking to put daylight between themselves and Jerusalem and are trying to avoid public confrontation, unlike in the era of former US president Barack Obama.
The tensions are at a manageable low simmer; they’re not boiling over. Whether that situation holds depends on where the negotiations in Vienna go, and whether the US and Iran will return to a deal that Israel views as a major threat.
內塔尼亞胡布林肯：我們反對在耶路撒冷為巴勒斯坦人領事館
本傑明·內塔尼亞胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）說，以色列寧願讓另一個實體巴勒斯坦權力機構的領事館不在以色列主權領土上。
通過拉哈夫·哈科夫（LAHAV HARKOV）
2021年5月26日21:57

美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯於2021年5月25日會見總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡
（照片來源：HAIM ZACH / GPO）
廣告
總理內塔尼亞胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）告訴美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯（Antony Blinken） ，以色列反對在美國宣布其在耶路撒冷公開計劃的幾個小時之前，重新開放美國駐巴勒斯坦主權領事館。
內塔尼亞胡說，以色列寧願讓另一個實體巴勒斯坦權力機構的領事館不在以色列主權領土上。
布林肯沒有具體說明新領事館在耶路撒冷的哪個地方。許多其他國家在東耶路撒冷的巴勒斯坦人設有領事館或使館，根據以色列法律，該國是以色列的一部分，但大多數國家或拉馬拉並未得到以色列的承認。
特朗普政府隨後於2019年3月將位於耶路撒冷阿格隆街上的美國駐巴勒斯坦領事館合併為美國駐西耶路撒冷的以色列大使館; 此舉主要是像徵性的，因為大多數領事館的工作人員繼續從事以前的工作，但標題為“巴勒斯坦事務處”。
布林肯在星期二晚上的新聞發布會上說，他不確定重新開放領事館的時間表。
“我可以告訴你，我認為，重要的是擁有一個平台，不僅能夠使巴勒斯坦權力機構，而且各行各業的巴勒斯坦人，非政府組織，工商界以及其他方面更有效地參與進來。因此，我們期待著這樣做。”他說。
白宮新聞秘書詹·普薩基（Jen Psaki）不久後表示，重新開放領事館“是我們認為重要的一步，因為繼續重建與由於領事館關閉而中斷了數年之久的巴勒斯坦領導人的關係，因為近東救濟工程處的資金在2018年被切斷，實際上還沒有一種與巴勒斯坦領導人和其他人接觸的方法。”
以色列駐美國大使和聯合國秘書長吉拉德·埃爾丹（Gilad Erdan）表示，重新開放領事館是美國的特權，但以色列“確實表示明確反對在耶路撒冷市轄區重建領事館。”
“可能在阿布迪斯[或]拉馬拉，”埃爾丹告訴坎恩。“美國人可能會擔心在這些地方為他們的工人開設領事館而引起安全隱患，這僅表明了我們在談論什麼。”
埃爾丹還指出，在耶路撒冷開設巴勒斯坦權力機構大使館與美國承認該城市為以色列首都的政策相抵觸，正如美國前總統唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）在2018年所做的那樣，拜登表示他不會撤退。
不過，埃爾丹說：“我們可以不同意現任政府，並非每一個分歧都必須成為危機。這
事實是，與此同時，我們正在密切合作，[Blinken]宣布了他對以色列安全和補充鐵穹電池的堅定承諾。”
埃爾丹說，內塔尼亞胡明確支持美國和其他國際對加沙的人道主義援助，但他的支持是微妙的：“我們可以而且必須制止人道主義危機，因此必不可少的諸如水，電，藥品或類似的東西必須被允許，但我們必須100％確認哈馬斯無法將其用於重建恐怖主義基礎設施。”
內塔尼亞胡還支持西岸巴勒斯坦人的經濟項目，但前提是巴勒斯坦人必須退出國際組織對以色列的單方面行動。
“當巴勒斯坦權力機構在海牙的[國際刑事]法院或在日內瓦的聯合國人權理事會[星期四]提倡針對我們的行動時，巴勒斯坦主動提出對以色列進行調查，我們對此進行了澄清。美國人：這兩件事並沒有在一起。只要阿巴斯和巴勒斯坦權力機構繼續努力傷害以色列國，其士兵和平民，就不會進行高級對話。”
因此，埃爾丹解釋說：“我們可以嘗試促進經濟項目，但除此之外，沒有其他辦法可以通過這種方式推進外交對話。”
布林肯否認與伊朗重新達成2015年核協議的間接談判已接近完成，因為
參與會談的伊朗和俄羅斯官員表示。
“伊朗是否真的準備採取必要行動以實現遵約，仍然是一個懸而未決的問題。陪審團仍在審理中。“美國和以色列絕對團結一致，認為伊朗永遠不會獲得核武器。”
布林肯週二表示，由於美國於2018年退出該協議，伊朗增加了對《聯合全面行動計劃》（《伊朗核協議》）的違反，而且伊斯蘭共和國得以充實和擴大“時間期限”儲存足夠的鈾以用於炸彈。
然而，埃爾丹（Erdan）幾小時前表示，以色列將伊朗最近的違反行為視為對去年拜登（Biden）競選重返JCPOA的回應。
伊朗大使說，伊朗“試圖通過我們所謂的“核勒索”施加壓力，以加重其侵權行為，因為它沒有看到國際軍事威脅。” “如果伊朗非常希望美國重返該協議，您必須問，他們為什麼要這樣做？我將回答原因：因為在幾年內，該協議結束時，伊朗將不再必須違反該協議，因為它將擁有擁有數千台先進離心機的合法性，使其能夠在爆炸中爆炸成一枚炸彈。時間很短。
他補充說：“以色列不能接受這種情況。”
布林肯說，他計劃就“更長遠和更大的版本”的JCPOA進行談判，以使JCPOA的核限制“直到2030年才到期。如果伊朗恢復到遵守狀態，我們將有一些時間延長這些期限，而其他。”
埃爾丹 指出 ，布林肯“沒有說如果伊朗人拒絕與他們談論他們想要達成的協議，那將會發生什麼。”
“我們完全相信美國政府不希望伊朗擁有炸彈，這將是非常糟糕的，但是對以色列來說，這不僅非常糟糕，而且是存在的利益，因為我們是受到伊朗直接威脅的國家，他們是在我們周圍建立恐怖組織網絡的人。”埃爾丹說。
因此，大使補充說：“以色列將繼續採取行動的自由，採取任何步驟防止伊朗獲得核武器，並且沒有任何協議將約束以色列的行事方式以束縛其雙手。”
布林肯還談到了美國不斷上升的反猶太主義，他稱這是“嚴重的令人不安的”。
“這是煤礦中的金絲雀，當你看到反猶太主義出現時，這幾乎是不可避免的，幾乎其他群體的仇恨肯定會隨之而來。我們現在在美國看到針對亞裔美國人的仇恨，”他補充說。
猶太人，繼父是大屠殺倖存者的布林肯說：“我在個人層面上感覺到這一點，而且我還看到一個警告信號，說明事情正在發生，我們必須解決，因為如果允許它們潰爛和成長， ，即使不受懲罰地走得更遠，您的大火最終也會影響到很多人。”
Netanyahu to Blinken: We oppose consulate for Palestinians in Jerusalem
Benjamin Netanyahu said Israel would prefer that a consulate to another entity – the Palestinian Authority – not be on Israeli sovereign territory.
By LAHAV HARKOV
MAY 26, 2021 21:57

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, May 25, 2021
(photo credit: HAIM ZACH/GPO)
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu informed US Secretary of State Antony Blinken that Israel opposes the reopening of a US consulate for Palestinians in sovereign Israel, hours before the US went public with its plan to do so in Jerusalem.
Netanyahu said Israel would prefer that a consulate to another entity – the Palestinian Authority – not be on Israeli sovereign territory.
Blinken did not specify where in Jerusalem the new consulate would be. Many other countries have consulates or embassies to the Palestinians in east Jerusalem, which is part of Israel under Israeli law but not recognized by most countries, or in Ramallah.
The Trump administration then merged the US consulate for Palestinians, on Jerusalem’s Agron Street, into the US Embassy to Israel in West Jerusalem in March 2019; the move was mostly symbolic as most consulate workers continued doing the work they did before, but under the title of “Palestinian Affairs Unit.”
Blinken said in a press conference on Tuesday night that he is not sure what the time frame will be on reopening the consulate.
“I can tell you that it’s, I think, important to have that platform to be able to more effectively engage not just the Palestinian Authority, but Palestinians from different walks of life, the NGO community, the business community, and others. And so we look forward to doing that,” he stated.
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said soon after that reopening the consulate “is an important step in our view, in terms of continuing to rebuild the relationship with the Palestinian leaders that was cut off for several years because of the closure of the consulate, because UNRWA funding was cut off in 2018, and there really wasn’t a method for engaging with Palestinian leaders and others.”
Israeli Ambassador to the US and UN Gilad Erdan said that it is the US’s prerogative to reopen the consulate, but that Israel “indeed expressed clear opposition to reestablishing the consulate on Jerusalem’s municipal territory.”
“It can be in Abu Dis [or] Ramallah,” Erdan told KAN. “The fact that the Americans may have a security concern from opening a consulate for their workers in these places only shows what we’re talking about.”
Erdan also pointed out that opening the PA embassy in Jerusalem contradicts American policy recognizing the city as Israel’s capital, as former US president Donald Trump did in 2018 and Biden said he would not reverse.
Still, Erdan said, “we can disagree with the current government and not every disagreement has to become a crisis. The
fact is that, in the same breath, we are cooperating closely and [Blinken] announced his strong commitment to Israel’s security and replenishing the Iron Dome batteries.”
Erdan said that Netanyahu unequivocally supports US and other international humanitarian aid for Gaza but that his support is nuanced: “We can and must stop a humanitarian crisis, so things that are necessary like water, electricity, medicines or things like that certainly must be allowed, but we must check 100% that it is not reaching Hamas’s hands to be used to rebuild terrorist infrastructure.”
Netanyahu also supports economic projects for Palestinians in the West Bank, Erdan said, but only on the condition that the Palestinians back down from unilateral action against Israel in international organizations.
“When the PA promotes actions against us in the [Intern