本集介紹

2021.05.10 國際新聞導讀-耶路撒冷暴動持續、加薩火箭持續射擊以色列、美國呼籲冷靜、土耳其約旦譴責以色列、阿富汗伊斯蘭國勢力攻擊什葉派哈札拉族

“美國非常擔心耶路撒冷暴動”-國務部
中東四方呼籲以色列“實行克制”，“避免採取進一步加劇局勢的措施”。
通過OMRI納米亞斯，耶路撒冷郵報STAFF
2021年5月9日12:20

2021年3月31日，美國國務院發言人內德·普賴斯（Ned Price）在美國華盛頓的國務院向記者提問。
（照片來源：CAROLYN KASTER / POOL VIA REUTERS）
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華盛頓-國務院發言人內德·普萊斯（Ned Price）表示，美國對耶路撒冷持續不斷的對抗極為關切。
普賴斯補充說：“暴力沒有任何藉口，但這種流血現在尤其令人不安，就像在齋月的最後幾天一樣。” “這包括週五對以色列士兵的襲擊和對西岸巴勒斯坦人的相互'標價'襲擊，我們毫不含糊地譴責這一譴責。”
普萊斯在聲明中補充說：“我們呼籲以色列和巴勒斯坦官員採取果斷行動，以緩和緊張局勢，並制止暴力。”
他寫道：“至關重要的是，各方都要克制，避免採取挑釁性的行動和誇誇其談，並保持哈拉姆·沙裡夫/聖殿山的歷史現狀。”
“各界領導人必須譴責一切暴力行為。聲明說：“安全部門必須確保耶路撒冷所有居民的安全，並追究所有肇事者的責任。”
他繼續說：“我們也對在耶路撒冷謝赫·賈拉（Sheikh Jarrah）和西爾萬（Silwan）居民區被驅逐的巴勒斯坦家庭深感關切，其中許多人世代居住。” “正如我們一直說的那樣，至關重要的是，避免採取加劇緊張局勢或使我們遠離和平的步驟。其中包括東耶路撒冷的驅逐，定居活動，房屋被拆毀和恐怖主義行為。”
他指出，國務院正在與以色列和巴勒斯坦高級領導人保持聯繫，以努力使局勢逐步升級。
包括美國，聯合國，歐盟和俄羅斯在內的中東四方特使也作出了回應。
在四方特使的聯合聲明中，四方特使說：“一些政治團體的挑釁性聲明，以及從加沙向以色列發射火箭和收回燃燒氣球，以及對西岸巴勒斯坦農田的襲擊，使他們感到震驚。 。”
他們還對東耶路撒冷謝赫·賈拉（Sheikh Jarrah）居民區可能被驅逐的巴勒斯坦家庭表示關切。
特使們呼籲以色列“實行克制，避免採取措施，在穆斯林聖日這個時期進一步惡化局勢”，但他補充說，應當維護和尊重聖地的現狀。
特使們說：“所有領導人都有責任對付極端分子，並對一切暴力和煽動行為大聲疾呼。”
'US extremely concerned about Jerusalem riots' - State Dept.
The Middle East Quartet called on Israel to "exercise restraint" and "avoid measures that would further escalate the situation."
By OMRI NAHMIAS, JERUSALEM POST STAFF
MAY 9, 2021 12:20

US State Department spokesman Ned Price takes questions from reporters at the State Department in Washington, US, March 31, 2021.
(photo credit: CAROLYN KASTER/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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WASHINGTON - The United States is extremely concerned about ongoing confrontations in Jerusalem, State Department spokesman Ned Price said.
“There is no excuse for violence, but such bloodshed is especially disturbing now, coming as it does on the last days of Ramadan,” Price added. “This includes Friday’s attack on Israeli soldiers and reciprocal ‘price tag’ attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank, which we condemn in no uncertain terms.”
“We call on Israeli and Palestinian officials to act decisively to deescalate tensions and bring a halt to the violence,” Price added in his statement.
“It is absolutely critical that all sides exercise restraint, refrain from provocative actions and rhetoric, and preserve the historic status quo on the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount – in word and in practice,” he wrote.
“Leaders across the spectrum must denounce all violent acts. Security services must ensure the safety of all of Jerusalem’s residents and hold all perpetrators to account,” the statement reads.
“We are also deeply concerned about the potential eviction of Palestinian families in the Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan neighborhoods of Jerusalem, many of whom have lived in their homes for generations,” he continued. “As we have consistently said, it is critical to avoid steps that exacerbate tensions or take us farther away from peace. This includes evictions in east Jerusalem, settlement activity, home demolitions, and acts of terrorism.”
He noted that the State Department is in touch with senior Israeli and Palestinian leaders to work on de-escalating the situation.
A response was also issued by the envoys of the Middle East Quartet, which consists of the US, UN, EU and Russia.
In a joint statement, the Quartet envoys said they were "alarmed by the provocative statements made by some political groups, as well as the launching of rockets and the resumption of incendiary balloons from Gaza towards Israel, and attacks on Palestinian farmland in the West Bank."
They also spoke with concern regarding the possible eviction of Palestinian families from the east Jerusalem neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah.
The envoys called upon Israel to "exercise restraint and to avoid measures that would further escalate the situation during this period of Muslim Holy Days," but added that the status quo at the holy sites should be upheld and respected.
"All leaders have a responsibility to act against extremists and to speak out against all acts of violence and incitement," the envoys said.
阿富汗最近對什葉派婦女的襲擊是種族滅絕行徑嗎？
對什葉派少數族裔的襲擊越來越多，可以認為是種族滅絕。ISIS在2014年對伊拉克Yazidi少數民族進行種族滅絕行徑之前就做到了這一點。
由SETH J.FRANTZMAN
2021年5月9日17:08

2021年5月8日，人們站在阿富汗喀布爾的爆炸現場。
（照片來源：REUTERS / STRINGER）
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據報導，星期六，一枚炸彈在阿富汗一所女子學校爆炸，目標是婦女和喀布爾西部什葉派多數居民區。據報導，這是在女孩離開學校時發生的。大約30人被殺，50人受傷。
塔利班譴責了這次襲擊，這意味著對犯罪者的關注將轉移到阿富汗的伊斯蘭國。這次襲擊之際，美國是在這個過程中從阿富汗撤出的，和其他外國部隊有可能離開該地區為好。
許多普遍支持極端主義團體的國家，例如伊朗，土耳其，卡塔爾和巴基斯坦，似乎都希望從美國撤軍中受益。對學校的襲擊可能是未來情況惡化的象徵。
根據阿富汗內政部的說法，爆炸案的目標是達什特-e-巴爾奇定居點的Syed Al-Shahda學校。據報導，該地區以前曾是ISIS的目標。
照片顯示住院的年輕婦女和女孩。據媒體報導，ISIS過去曾以婦產醫院為目標，殺死孕婦和新生兒。
人們對達什特-巴爾奇（Dasht-e-Barchi）感到憤慨，據報導，憤怒的人群襲擊了那些將要援助的人，而政府持續缺乏保護令他們感到憤怒。
對什葉派少數民族的襲擊不斷增加，可以視為種族滅絕行為。ISIS在2014年針對伊拉克Yazidi少數族裔的種族滅絕行徑中就做到了這一點。它還針對塔拉阿法爾（Tal Afar）和施派徹營（Camp Speicher）的什葉派。
如果我們看看在阿富汗的襲擊，特別是對巴基斯坦什葉派的襲擊，我們會看到類似的情況。
2018年8月，有50名學生在補習中心的達什-e-巴爾奇被謀殺。像該地區的大多數什葉派人士一樣，他們都是哈扎拉族裔。
2019年3月，對什葉派聚會的一次襲擊導致多人死亡。一年後的2020年3月，對什葉派集會的另一次襲擊在喀布爾為一個什葉派領袖的紀念館炸死32人。
阿富汗什葉派人士在2018年被引述說，他們看到ISIS的種族滅絕意圖是襲擊事件的背後，而且全球聖戰組織希望“消滅我們”。
今年1月，阿富汗什葉派領導人卡里姆·哈利利（Karim Khalili）在巴基斯坦謀殺了11名來自阿富汗上班的什葉派阿富汗礦工之後，訪問了巴基斯坦。他們也是哈扎拉什葉派，經常在阿富汗成為襲擊目標。
在世界上幾乎沒有其他地方像巴基斯坦的什葉派教徒那樣經常將少數人作為大規模殺害的目標。
儘管國際媒體將襲擊說成是“宗派主義”或聲稱伊斯蘭國“討厭”什葉派，但當這種仇恨在西方表現出來時，他們並沒有用同樣的措辭來表達這種仇恨。
通常，針對少數民族社區的襲擊沒有得到充分解釋，因此，人們必須深入閱讀一篇文章，以了解受害者是宗教少數派。襲擊似乎是系統性的，經常襲擊兒童和婦女，襲擊發生在齋月等宗教事件和時期。
例如，2018年8月，什葉派清真寺成為襲擊目標。土耳其或巴基斯坦總理伊姆蘭·汗（Imran Khan）等經常談論伊斯蘭恐​​懼症的國家從未將對阿富汗什葉派的襲擊稱為伊斯蘭恐懼症。
但是，考慮到ISIS之類的組織比其他任何組織都更傾向於將穆斯林作為阿富汗種族滅絕的目標，因此，這個詞似乎是完全合適的。
在阿富汗對什葉派婦女的襲擊旨在旨在剷除少數族裔婦女的教育並殺死少數群體，這似乎是ISIS等團體種族滅絕種族企圖清洗什葉派的企圖。
目前尚不清楚為什麼應該對種族滅絕大聲疾呼的人權團體和國家對這些案件保持沉默。他們似乎將它們全部視為隨機的“爆炸”，而不是看到它們之間直接和不斷上升的聯繫。
Was the latest attack in Afghanistan on Shi’ite women an act of genocide?
The increasing attacks on Shi’ite minorities could be considered genocide. ISIS has done this before in their acts of genocide against Iraq's Yazidi minority in 2014.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
MAY 9, 2021 17:08
People stand at the site of a blast in Kabul, Afghanistan May 8, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/STRINGER)
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A bomb exploded at a girl’s school in Afghanistan on Saturday, targeting women and a majority Shi’ite neighborhood in west Kabul, according to reports. It reportedly occurred as girls were leaving school. Some 30 people were killed, and 50 were wounded.
The Taliban has condemned the attack, which means that focus on the perpetrators will shift to ISIS in Afghanistan. The attack comes as the US is in the process of withdrawing from Afghanistan, and other foreign forces are likely to depart the region as well.
Many countries that generally support extremist groups, such as Iran, Turkey, Qatar and Pakistan, appear to want to benefit from the US withdrawal. The attack on the school could be a symbol of worse to come.
According to the Afghani Interior Ministry, the bombing targeted the Syed Al-Shahda School in the Dasht-e-Barchi settlement. The area has been a target of ISIS before, according to reports.
Photos show hospitalized young women and girls. In the past, ISIS targeted a maternity hospital, killing pregnant women and newborns, a media outlet reported.
People are outraged in Dasht-e-Barchi, as evidenced by angry crowds who reportedly attacked those coming to help, angered by the continued lack of government protection.
The increasing attacks on Shi’ite minorities could be considered acts of genocide. ISIS has done this before in their acts of genocide against the Yazidi minority in Iraq in 2014. It also targeted Shi’ites in Tal Afar and Camp Speicher.
If we look at the attacks in Afghanistan, and specifically attacks on Shi’ites in Pakistan, we see a similar pattern.
In August 2018, 50 students were murdered in Dasht-e-Barchi at a tuition center. Like most of the Shi’ites in the area, they were of the Hazara ethnic minority.
In March 2019, an attack on a Shi’ite gathering led to several deaths. A year later in March 2020, another attack on a Shi’ite gathering killed 32 people in Kabul at a memorial for a Shi’ite leader.
Afghan Shi’ites were quoted in 2018 as saying they see the genocidal intentions of ISIS behind the attacks and that the global jihadist organization wants to “wipe us out.”
In January, Afghan Shi’ite leader Karim Khalili visited Pakistan in the wake of the targeted murder of 11 Shi’ite Afghan miners who came from Afghanistan for work. They also were Hazara Shi’ites, who are often targeted in Afghanistan.
In almost no other place in the world are minorities so frequently targeted for mass murder as are Shi’ites in Pakistan.
While international media presented the attacks as “sectarian” or claimed that ISIS “hates” the Shi’ites, they did not use the same terms for this kind of hate when it manifested itself in the West.
Often, attacks targeting the minority community are not fully explained, and one has to read deep into an article to find out that the victims were targeted for being a religious minority. The attacks appear systematic, they often target children and women, and they take place at religious events and periods, such as Ramadan.
In August 2018, for instance, a Shi’ite mosque was targeted. The countries that often speak of Islamophobia, such as Turkey, or Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, never called the attacks on Shi’ites in Afghanistan out as a form of Islamophobia.
However, considering that more than any other group, Muslims are targeted for genocide in Afghanistan by groups like ISIS, it would appear that this term is entirely fitting.
The attacks on Shi’ite women in Afghanistan, designed purposely to eradicate minority women in education and to kill minorities, would appear to represent a genocidal attempt by groups such as ISIS to ethnically cleanse Shi’ites.
It is unclear why human-rights groups and countries that are supposed to speak up about genocide have remained quiet about these cases. They appear to treat them all as random “blasts” rather than seeing the direct and rising connection between them.
土耳其稱以色列為“恐怖主義”國家，尋求“拯救耶路撒冷”-分析
指責以色列成為“殘酷”和“恐怖主義”國家是安卡拉利用耶路撒冷的緊張局勢來提高土耳其形象的願望的一部分。
由SETH J.FRANTZMAN
2021年5月9日16:14
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安（Tayyip Erdogan）通過視頻鏈接參加了2021年3月4日在土耳其安卡拉舉行的執政AK黨的會議。
（照片來源：總統媒體辦公室/通過路透社提供的淘汰）
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土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）週六稱以色列為殘酷的“恐怖主義國家”，土耳其媒體稱其為耶路撒冷的“自由阿克薩”，就如同他去年將聖索菲亞大教堂重新奉為清真寺一樣。
埃爾多安（Erdogan）用土耳其語寫作時說，他“邀請全世界，特別是伊斯蘭國家，對以色列對阿克薩清真寺，耶路撒冷和巴勒斯坦人的房屋的襲擊採取有效行動。”
埃爾多安在希伯來語中寫道，他強烈譴責在耶路撒冷發生的“令人髮指的襲擊”，他將與他的“巴勒斯坦兄弟”站在一起。
埃爾多安（Erdogan）也用阿拉伯語發推文，並將以色列的“攻擊”與齋月聯繫起來，這表明以色列每年都要這樣做。
指責以色列成為“殘酷”和“恐怖主義”國家是安卡拉利用耶路撒冷的緊張局勢來提高土耳其形象的願望的一部分。
長期以來，安卡拉一直致力於在巴勒斯坦事務中發揮更大的作用，距今已有十多年的歷史，可追溯到2009年以色列國防軍在加沙地帶採取行動鑄鉛行動之前。例如，土耳其從IHH團體動員了極端分子，例如在2010年登上了馬維·馬爾馬拉（Mavi Marmara）。 ，以“打破”對加沙的封鎖，這一事件導致土耳其-以色列關係下降。
在2019年，埃爾多安將以色列與納粹作了比較，他揚言要“解放”耶路撒冷。土耳其還於2019年和2020年接待了哈馬斯代表團。
據報導，哈馬斯已經計劃從土耳其發動恐怖襲擊，包括2014年的綁架，並獲得安卡拉的外交支持。例如，受到以色列和美國通緝的哈馬斯最高成員薩拉赫·阿魯裡（Salah al-Arouri）在土耳其公開生活了很多年。
美國譴責安卡拉（Ankara）在2020年成立哈馬斯（Hamas）。恐怖組織被視為土耳其的一個州政府，得到了其總統的最高支持。
美國總統唐納德·特朗普11月份大選失敗後，與以色列的這種疏遠關係發生了一些變化。土耳其隨後宣稱可能與以色列和解。這種和解旨在損害以色列與希臘的關係，而耶路撒冷拒絕了這些要求。
現在，安卡拉已恢復原狀。它利用類似於伊朗政權的宗教與巴勒斯坦的信息混在一起來煽動緊張局勢。多年來，它一直在利用這種混合的宗教和伊斯蘭信息以及親巴勒斯坦的言論。
在耶路撒冷的衝突已經給土耳其一個機會，把自己重新插入到巴勒斯坦政治。它可能還想鼓勵巴勒斯坦權力機構舉行選舉，以便可以幫助哈馬斯上台。
土耳其長期以來一直在努力與耶路撒冷的盟友和捐贈機構一起在耶路撒冷努力，以增強其作用。以色列對此一直保持警惕。
隨著緊張局勢的加劇，安卡拉正在迅速採取行動，以發布盡可能多的公告。
Turkey calls Israel 'terrorist' state, seeks to 'save Jerusalem' - analysis
Accusing Israel of being a “cruel” and “terrorist” state is part of Ankara’s desire to use the tensions in Jerusalem to boost Turkey’s image.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
MAY 9, 2021 16:14
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021.
(photo credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Saturday called Israel a cruel “terrorist” state, as Turkish media called to “free al-Aqsa” in Jerusalem, just like he reconsecrated the historic Church of Hagia Sophia as a mosque last year.
Writing in Turkish, Erdogan said he “invite[s] the whole world, especially the Islamic countries, to take effective action against Israel’s attacks on al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem and Palestinian homes.”
Writing in Hebrew, Erdogan said he strongly condemned the “heinous attacks” in Jerusalem and that he would stand with his “Palestinian brothers.”
Erdogan also tweeted in Arabic and linked the Israeli “attacks” to Ramadan, suggesting that Israel does this every year.
Accusing Israel of being a “cruel” and “terrorist” state is part of Ankara’s desire to use the tensions in Jerusalem to boost Turkey’s image.
Ankara has long sought to play a greater role in Palestinian affairs, going back more than a decade to before the IDF’s Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip in 2009. Turkey mobilized extremists from the group IHH to board the Mavi Marmara in 2010, for instance, to “break” the blockade of Gaza, an incident that led to a downward spiral in Turkish-Israeli relations.
In 2019, Erdogan compared Israel to the Nazis, and he has threatened to “liberate” Jerusalem. Turkey also hosted Hamas delegations in 2019 and 2020.
Hamas has reportedly planned terrorist attacks from Turkey, including kidnappings in 2014, as well as receiving diplomatic support from Ankara. For instance, top Hamas member Salah al-Arouri, who is wanted by Israel and the US, lived openly in Turkey for many years.
The US condemned Ankara for hosting Hamas in 2020. The terrorist group is treated as if it is the government of a state by Turkey, receiving support from its president and at the highest levels.
This estranged relationship with Israel shifted a bit after US president Donald Trump lost the election in November. Turkey then claimed it might reconcile with Israel. That reconciliation was designed to harm Israel’s relations with Greece, and Jerusalem rejected the entreaties.
Ankara has now returned to form. It is using religion mixed with pro-Palestinian messages, similar to Iran’s regime, to stoke tensions. It has been harnessing this mix of religious and Islamic messaging and pro-Palestinian rhetoric for years.
The Jerusalem clashes have given Turkey a chance to reinsert itself into Palestinian politics. It may also want to encourage elections in the Palestinian Authority so that it can help bring Hamas to power.
Turkey has long sought to push its efforts in Jerusalem, working with local allies and endowments to increase its role. Israel has been wary of this.
With tensions growing, Ankara is moving quickly to make as many announcements as possible.
約旦警告以色列不要對清真寺的陳述進行“野蠻”襲擊
約旦是耶路撒冷的穆斯林和基督教徒的監護人，他說以色列應尊重信徒和維護阿拉伯權利的國際法。
由路透社
2021年5月9日15:25

2021年4月23日，以色列警察在東耶路撒冷與阿拉伯人發生衝突
（照片來源：JAMAL AWAD / FLASH90）
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約旦星期天敦促以色列停止在耶路撒冷阿克薩清真寺對信徒的“野蠻”襲擊，並表示將加大國際壓力。
約旦是耶路撒冷的穆斯林和基督教徒的監護人，他說以色列應尊重信徒和維護阿拉伯權利的國際法。
東耶路撒冷的緊張局勢已經蔓延，在齋月齋戒月的高峰期，以色列警察與巴勒斯坦人在伊斯蘭教第三大清真寺艾克薩周圍發生衝突。
政府在一份聲明中說：“以色列警察和特種部隊的行為，從侵犯清真寺到對信徒的襲擊，都是野蠻的（行為），遭到拒絕和譴責。”
耶路撒冷和被佔領的西岸發生了摩擦，晚上在東耶路撒冷的謝赫·賈拉（Sheikh Jarrah）發生衝突，該地區有許多巴勒斯坦家庭遭到驅逐。
約旦外交部長阿曼·薩法迪（Ayman Safadi）說，在1967年的阿以戰爭中失去了東耶路撒冷和西岸的沙特阿拉伯將盡最大努力保護巴勒斯坦人的權利免遭猶太定居者的所有權要求。
薩法迪在官方媒體的評論中說：“以色列作為佔領軍有責任保護巴勒斯坦人在家中的權利。”
約旦早些時候曾在謝赫·賈拉（Sheikh Jarrah）向巴勒斯坦人提供了土地契約，據稱這證明以色列定居者對該財產的主張是毫無根據的。
薩法迪說：“驅逐謝赫·賈拉（Sheikh Jarrah）巴勒斯坦人是他們的戰爭罪行。”
Jordan warns Israel against 'barbaric' attacks on mosque -statement
Jordan, which has custodianship of Moslem and Christian sites in Jerusalem, said Israel should respect worshippers and international law safeguarding Arab rights.
By REUTERS
MAY 9, 2021 15:25

Israeli police officers clash with arabs in East Jerusalem on April 23, 2021
(photo credit: JAMAL AWAD/FLASH90)
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Jordan urged Israel on Sunday to stop what it described as "barbaric" attacks on worshippers in Jerusalem's al Aqsa mosque and said it would step up international pressure.
Jordan, which has custodianship of Moslem and Christian sites in Jerusalem, said Israel should respect worshippers and international law safeguarding Arab rights.
East Jerusalem tensions have spilled over into clashes between Israeli police and Palestinians around al Aqsa, Islam's third-holiest mosque, at the height of the Ramadan fasting month.
"What the Israeli police and special forces are doing, from violations against the mosque to attacks on worshippers, is barbaric (behavior) that is rejected and condemned," the government said in a statement.
Frictions have mounted in Jerusalem and the occupied West Bank, with nightly clashes in East Jerusalem's Sheikh Jarrah - a neighborhood where numerous Palestinian families face eviction.
Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi said the kingdom, which lost East Jerusalem and the West Bank in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, would do its utmost to protect rights of Palestinians against ownership claims by Jewish settlers.
"Israel as the occupying force carries responsibility for protecting rights of Palestinians in their homes," Safadi said in comments on state media.

Jordan had earlier provided the Palestinians with land deeds in Sheikh Jarrah it says proves Israeli settler claims to the property were groundless.
"The eviction of Palestinians of Sheikh Jarrah from their homes is a war crime," Safadi said.