本集介紹
2021.06.10 國際新聞導讀-美國捐5億劑輝瑞疫苗給全世界、阿富汗情勢惡化、土耳其想出兵阿富汗干預、歐盟開放邊界給打過疫苗者
美國將向世界捐贈5億劑輝瑞疫苗-華盛頓郵報
美國今年很可能分發2億支，明年上半年分發3億支。
通過路透
2021 年 6 月 9 日 21:58
輝瑞 COVID-19 疫苗的說明性照片。
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/耶路撒冷郵報）
廣告
三位知情人士告訴路透社，拜登政府計劃在未來兩年內向大約 100 個國家捐贈 5 億劑輝瑞冠狀病毒疫苗。
他們表示，美國今年可能會分發 2 億支疫苗，明年上半年可能會分發 3 億支。
們補充說，它將把它們捐贈給 92 個低收入國家和非洲聯盟。
捐款將通過 COVAX 疫苗設施進行，該設施向低收入和中等收入國家分發 COVID-19 疫苗，並得到世界衛生組織(WHO) 和全球疫苗和免疫聯盟 (GAVI) 的支持。
其中一位知情人士說，美國總統喬拜登將於週四在英國舉行的世界最富有國家七國集團會議上宣布該協議。
其中一位消息人士稱，該交易是由白宮 COVID-19 響應協調員傑夫·齊恩斯 (Jeff Zients) 和冠狀病毒特別工作組在過去四個星期內談判達成的。
白宮和輝瑞拒絕置評。
這位美國總統在登上前往英國的空軍一號之前告訴記者，他制定了一項全球疫苗戰略，並將宣布這一戰略，但沒有提供細節。
《紐約時報》援引知情人士的話報導稱，美國將以“非營利”價格購買這些劑量。他們還報導說，輝瑞首席執行官阿爾伯特·布爾拉將在宣布期間陪同拜登。
《泰晤士報》稱，該協議是對美國已從輝瑞購買的 3 億支注射劑的補充，使美國購買的輝瑞 / BioNTech 注射劑總數達到 8 億支。
拜登政府曾表示，到 6 月底，它將在全球範圍內共享 8000 萬劑疫苗。
US to donate 500 million Pfizer vaccine doses to world -Washington Post
The United States is likely to distribute 200 million shots this year and 300 million in the first half of next year.
By REUTERS
JUNE 9, 2021 21:58
An illustrative photo of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
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The Biden administration plans to donate 500 million Pfizer coronavirus vaccine doses to about 100 countries over the next two years, three sources familiar with the matter told Reuters.
The United States is likely to distribute 200 million shots this year and 300 million in the first half of next year, they said.
It will donate them to 92 lower-income countries and the African Union, they added.
The donations will go through the COVAX vaccine facility that distributes COVID-19 shots to low- and middle-income countries and is backed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI).
US President Joe Biden will announce the deal on Thursday at the Group of Seven meeting of the world's wealthiest countries in Britain, one of the people said.
The deal was negotiated over the past four weeks by White House COVID-19 response coordinator Jeff Zients and the coronavirus task force team, one of the sources said.
The White House and Pfizer declined to comment.
The US president told reporters before boarding Air Force One for Britain that he had a global vaccine strategy and would be announcing it but did not offer details.
The New York Times reported that the United States will buy the doses at a "not-for-profit" price, citing people familiar with the deal. They also reported that Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla will accompany Biden during the announcement.
The agreement is in addition to the 300 million shots the United States has already purchased from Pfizer and brings the total number of Pfizer/BioNTech shots purchased by the United States to 800 million, the Times said.
The Biden administration had said it would share 80 million vaccine doses worldwide by the end of June.
伊朗稱其核談判在總統投票後不會改變
“我們已經表明我們在任何情況下都遵守我們的國際義務，這是一項國家決定，”內閣發言人阿里拉比伊在每週新聞發布會上說。
通過路透
2021 年 6 月 8 日 17:20
伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊於 2021 年 2 月 22 日在伊朗德黑蘭會見專家大會成員。
（圖片來源：哈梅內伊官方網站/通過路透社的講義）
廣告
伊朗政府發言人周二表示，在 6 月 18 日總統大選後，伊朗與世界大國談判恢復德黑蘭 2015 年核協議的政策將保持不變，因為該問題由其最高領導人決定。
外交官、伊朗官員和分析人士表示，在本週恢復談判之前，恢復核協議的許多障礙仍然存在，這表明恢復遵守該協議還有很長的路要走。
“我們已經表明我們在任何情況下都遵守我們的國際義務，這是一項國家決定，”內閣發言人阿里拉比伊在每週新聞發布會上說。
拉比伊說，伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊制定的核政策與內部發展無關，新政府將維持與 4 月開始的維也納會談所遵循的政策相同的政策。
“只要核協議的所有各方遵守他們的承諾，他們就可以確信伊朗不會放棄其義務，”拉比伊說。
週一，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯表示，美國仍不知道伊朗是否準備好恢復遵守核協議，如果德黑蘭繼續違反該協議，它需要“突破時間”來收集足夠的裂變材料以備不時之需。核武器將縮短至數週。
美國前總統唐納德特朗普於 2018 年退出該協議，促使伊朗穩步超越該協議對其旨在使開發原子彈更加困難的核計劃的限制——德黑蘭否認了這一野心。
由於強硬派領導的選舉監督機構監護委員會禁止領先的溫和派和保守派候選人參加，在強硬派和稍微不那麼強硬派的候選人以及兩名低調溫和派的七人競選中，投票率可能很低。
Iran says its nuclear talks stand not to change after presidential vote
"We have shown that we adhere to our international obligations under all circumstances, and this was a national decision," cabinet spokesman Ali Rabiei told a weekly news conference.
By REUTERS
JUNE 8, 2021 17:20
Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei meets members of the Assembly of Experts in Tehran, Iran February 22, 2021.
(photo credit: OFFICIAL KHAMENEI WEBSITE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Iran's policy in talks with world powers to revive Tehran's 2015 nuclear accord will remain unchanged after its June 18 presidential election because the issue is decided by its highest leadership, a government spokesman said on Tuesday.
A host of barriers to the revival of the nuclear deal remain firmly in place ahead of talks due to resume this week, suggesting a return to compliance with the accord is still a way off, diplomats, Iranian officials and analysts said.
"We have shown that we adhere to our international obligations under all circumstances, and this was a national decision," cabinet spokesman Ali Rabiei told a weekly news conference.
Rabiei said Iran's nuclear policy, set by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, is not linked to internal developments and that the new government would maintain the same policies as those followed in the Vienna talks which began in April.
"As long as all parties to the nuclear accord abide by their commitments, they can be sure that Iran will not abandon its obligations," Rabiei said.
On Monday, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the United States still does not know whether Iran is ready to resume compliance with the nuclear deal and if Tehran continues to violate the pact, the "breakout time" it needs to amass enough fissile material for a nuclear weapon will shrink to weeks.
Former US President Donald Trump withdrew from the deal in 2018, prompting Iran to steadily overstep the accord's limits on its nuclear program designed to make it harder to develop an atomic bomb - an ambition Tehran denies.
With the hardline-led election watchdog, the Guardian Council, barring leading moderate and conservative candidates, the turnout is likely to be low in a seven-man race between hardline and somewhat less hardline candidates, and two low-profile moderates.
阿富汗政府和塔利班談判代表在多哈會面討論和平
在交戰雙方之間尋找共同點一直是西方國家首都，尤其是華盛頓的首要任務。
通過路透
2021 年 6 月 9 日 15:53
賈拉拉布拉德 (Jalalablad) 的阿富汗兒童在 2 月慶祝美國與塔利班達成的允許美國削減軍隊和永久停火的協議。
（圖片來源：PARWIZ PARWIZ/REUTERS）
廣告
阿富汗政府和塔利班談判代表本週在卡塔爾首都多哈會面，討論和平進程，這是談判在今年早些時候基本停滯後數週內的首次會議。
塔利班發言人 Suhail Shaheen 週三在推特上發表聲明說，兩支球隊的負責人以及他們的一些談判代表前一天在多哈會面。
“他們討論了議程主題，加快了阿富汗談判進程，並在這方面達成了相互理解，”他說。
此次會晤是雙方自 5 月中旬以來首次宣布舉行會議，此前已經放緩的談判在 4 月基本中斷，當時美國宣布將於 9 月 11 日撤軍。
塔利班對這一聲明做出了憤怒的回應，因為這意味著外國軍隊將在與前特朗普政府商定的 5 月最後期限之後留在該國。該伊斯蘭組織表示，將抵制原定在土耳其舉行的重大和平會議。
談判人員已於9 月在多哈開始尋找結束數十年戰爭的方法。但談判在幾輪後陷入僵局，自美國開始最後撤軍以來，暴力事件不斷升級。
在交戰雙方之間尋找共同點一直是西方國家首都，尤其是華盛頓的首要任務。
巴基斯坦總理伊姆蘭汗上週表示，巴基斯坦正在推動在外國軍隊撤離前在阿富汗達成政治解決方案，以降低其西部鄰國發生內戰的風險。
Afghan gov't and Taliban negotiators meet in Doha to discuss peace
Finding common ground between the two warring sides has been a top priority for Western capitals, particularly Washington.
By REUTERS
JUNE 9, 2021 15:53
AFGHAN CHILDREN in Jalalablad celebrate in February the US-Taliban agreement to allow a US troop reduction and a permanent ceasefire.
(photo credit: PARWIZ PARWIZ/REUTERS)
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Afghan government and Taliban negotiators met in Qatar's capital Doha this week to discuss the peace process, the first known meeting in weeks after negotiations largely stalled earlier this year.
Taliban spokesman Suhail Shaheen said in a statement on Twitter on Wednesday that the heads of both teams, along with some of their negotiators, had met the previous day in Doha.
"They discussed topics of the agenda, accelerating the Afghan negotiations process and reaching mutual understanding in this regard," he said.
The meeting was the first announced gathering of both sides since mid-May and after already-slowing talks largely broke off in April, when the United States announced it would withdraw its forces by September 11.
The Taliban had responded angrily to that announcement as it meant foreign forces would stay in the country beyond a May deadline agreed with the previous Trump administration. The Islamist group said it would boycott a major peace conference due to take place in Turkey.
Negotiators had started in Doha in September to find a way to end decades of war. But the talks stalled after a few rounds and violence has escalated since the United States started its final pullout of troops.
Finding common ground between the two warring sides has been a top priority for Western capitals, particularly Washington.
Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan said last week his country was pushing for a political settlement in Afghanistan before foreign troops leave, to reduce the risk of civil war in its western neighbor.
以色列具有 COVID-19 群體免疫力，所以我們還需要為孩子接種疫苗嗎？- 分析
以色列很可能已經實現了群體免疫。現在，一些衛生官員質疑兒童是否真的需要接種疫苗。
作者：瑪雅·賈夫·霍夫曼
2021 年 6 月 7 日 20:47
在這張 2021 年 3 月 19 日拍攝的插圖圖片中可以看到帶有 Pfizer-BioNTech 和 Moderna 冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 疫苗標籤的小瓶。
（圖片來源：路透社/DADO RUVIC/插圖/文件照片）
廣告
在衛生部的一項新研究摘要顯示，21% 的 16 歲以下兒童具有針對新型冠狀病毒的抗體後，衛生官員告訴《耶路撒冷郵報》，以色列可能已經實現了群體免疫。
現在，一些衛生官員質疑兒童是否 真的需要接種疫苗。
當疾病沒有傳播，而是持續下降時，就實現了群體免疫。衛生官員認為，一個國家要實現群體免疫，必須有 70% 至 80% 的人口接種疫苗或感染病毒並產生抗體。
“如果你看看以色列的現實，我們已經實現了真正的群體免疫，”哈達薩大學醫學中心的高級醫生 Dror Mevorach 教授說。
早在二月份，衛生部高級官員就認為，在大多數兒童接種該病毒疫苗之前，以色列不會達到群體免疫。
“當我們有 250 萬兒童無法接種疫苗時，我們可能無法達到群體免疫，即使可以接種疫苗的所有人都將接種疫苗，”公共衛生服務負責人沙龍·阿爾羅伊-普雷斯 (Sharon Alroy-Preis) 說。 2 月舉行的以色列議會聽證會。
因此，當政府投票允許年輕人在逾越節後全部返回教室時，健康專家普遍認為以色列的感染率會激增。
“這沒有發生。唯一的解釋是群體免疫的實現，”梅沃拉赫說。
衛生部與國家疾病控制中心和中央病毒學實驗室合作進行了這項研究——《郵報》查看了其摘要。報告顯示，截至 2021 年 3 月底，0-16 歲兒童的冠狀病毒抗體流行率為 21%。它還發現，12-15 歲年齡組的抗體率最高——30%。
為了進行測試，2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 3 月期間，在全國范圍內收集了來自適當年齡組的約 2,700 份血清樣本。
隨著群體免疫的實現，出現了一個問題，即衛生部是否應該回溯向 12-15 歲的兒童開放疫苗接種，特別是考慮到疫苗可能與一些年輕人的心臟炎症有關。
“我相信大約有 3,000 分之一到 6,000 分之一的青少年（主要是男性）會 患上心肌炎，”Mevorach 說。
他強調“目前沒有明確的疫苗接種需求”，但補充說未來可能會有——尤其是對於計劃離開以色列的兒童。
但謝巴醫療中心副主任阿農·阿菲克不同意。
“我個人認為我們應該為孩子們接種疫苗，”他告訴郵報。
巴伊蘭大學免疫治療實驗室負責人西里爾·科恩 (Cyrille Cohen) 告訴《華盛頓郵報》，正如鼓勵感染冠狀病毒的成年人接種疫苗一樣，為患有他們不知道的無症狀病例的兒童接種疫苗也不成問題。然而，他補充說，由於感染率低，對給孩子接種疫苗猶豫不決的父母可以首先要求進行血清學檢測，以評估他們是否已經具有免疫力。他還指出，目前尚不清楚感染冠狀病毒的人形成的抗體能持續多久。
科恩說，雖然對於大多數兒童來說，冠狀病毒不會引起嚴重的疾病，但“COVID-19 對某些孩子來說並不是一種容易患上的疾病。”
他指出，雖然衛生部向 12-15 歲的兒童開放了疫苗接種，但它並沒有“推薦”它——除了那些自己有患嚴重疾病的高風險、與高風險的人住在一起或計劃旅行的孩子。他說，其他人應該在醫生的建議下考慮。
最後，梅沃拉赫說，即使以色列人摘下口罩，他們也應該對可能進入以色列的變種保持警惕並“重新開始”。
“群體免疫不一定是永遠的，”他說。
Israel has COVID-19 herd immunity, so do we still need to vaccinate kids? - analysis
Israel has likely achieved herd immunity. Now, some health officials are questioning whether children really need to get the jab.
By MAAYAN JAFFE-HOFFMAN
JUNE 7, 2021 20:47
Vials with Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine labels are seen in this illustration picture taken March 19, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/DADO RUVIC/ILLUSTRATION/FILE PHOTO)
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Israel has likely achieved herd immunity, health officials told The Jerusalem Post, after a summary of a new study by the Health Ministry revealed that 21% of children aged up to 16 have antibodies against the novel coronavirus.
Now, some health officials are questioning whether children really need to get the jab.
Herd immunity is achieved when, instead of spreading, a disease continually declines. Health officials believe that for a country to reach herd immunity, between 70% and 80% of the population would have to be vaccinated or have contracted the virus and developed antibodies.
“If you look at the reality in Israel, we have achieved actual herd immunity,” according to Prof. Dror Mevorach, a senior physician from Hadassah-University Medical Center.
Back in February, top Health Ministry officials believed that Israel would not reach herd immunity until the majority of its children were vaccinated against the virus.
“The moment we have 2.5 million children that can’t be vaccinated, we probably won’t reach herd immunity, even if the entire population that can be vaccinated, will be vaccinated,” said Head of Public Health Services Sharon Alroy-Preis at a Knesset hearing in February.
As such, when the government voted to allow youth to return to their classrooms in full after Passover, there was widespread belief by health experts that Israel would see a spike in infection.
“This did not happen. The only explanation is the achievement of herd immunity,” Mevorach said.
The Health Ministry study – a summary of which was viewed by the Post – was conducted in collaboration with the National Center for Disease Control and the Central Virology Laboratory. It showed that the prevalence of antibodies against the coronavirus was 21% in children 0-16 at the end of March 2021. It also found that the 12-15 age group had the highest rate of antibodies – 30%.
To conduct the test, some 2,700 serum samples from the appropriate age group were collected countrywide between January 2020 and March 2021.
With herd immunity achieved, the question arises as to whether or not the Health Ministry should backtrack on opening vaccination to children ages 12-15, especially given the vaccine’s potential link to heart inflammation in some young people.
“I am convinced that somewhere between one in 3,000 and one in 6,000 young adolescents – mainly males – will experience myocarditis,” Mevorach said.
He stressed that “at the moment there is no clear need for vaccination,” but added that in the future there may be – especially for children who plan to leave Israel.
But Arnon Afek, associate director-general of Sheba Medical Center, disagrees.
“I personally think that we should vaccinate the kids,” he told the Post.
Cyrille Cohen, head of the immunotherapy laboratory at Bar-Ilan University, told the Post that just as adults who contracted coronavirus were encouraged to get vaccinated, it would not be a problem to inoculate children who had asymptomatic cases about which they did not know. He added, however, that because infection is low, parents who are hesitant to vaccinate their children could first request a serological test to evaluate if they already have immunity. He also pointed out that it is still unclear how long antibodies formed by somebody who had coronavirus last.
Cohen said while for most children coronavirus does not cause serious disease, “COVID-19 is not an easy disease for some kids.”
He noted that while the Health Ministry opened vaccination to children 12-15, it did not “recommend” it – except for those children who themselves are at high risk for serious disease, live with someone who is high risk or who plan to travel. Others, he said, should consider it with the advice of their doctors.
Finally, Mevorach said that even as Israelis remove their masks, they should stay alert for variants that could enter Israel and “start it all again.”
“Herd immunity is not necessarily forever,” he said.
HIV患者感染COVID超過7個月，感染變異超過30次
在患者身上發現的突變中，在該女性感染的整個過程中，英國和南非的變異都被發現在某一點或另一點存在。
作者：扎卡里·凱瑟
2021 年 6 月 8 日 11:12
2020 年 3 月 26 日，在南非開普敦，為限制冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 的傳播而進行的 21 天封鎖之前，一名男子走過貼在建築物一側的海報。
（照片來源：MIKE HUTCHINGS / REUTERS）
廣告
一項新的研究表明，一名 HIV 陽性的女性持續感染冠狀病毒，持續了 216 天，她體內的病毒發生了 30 多次變異。
該研究尚未經過同行評審，詳細介紹了 HIV 陽性患者 7 個多月的感染情況，作為對 300 名其他 HIV 感染者的隊列研究的一部分——探索 SARS-CoV-2 感染在被引入時的影響具有當前 HIV 感染的免疫系統。
在患者身上發現的突變中，在該女性感染的整個過程中，英國和南非的變異都被發現在某一點或另一點存在。
在整個研究過程中，這名被確認為生活在南非的 36 歲婦女在無症狀和有症狀階段之間徘徊，據報導，在有症狀階段，她分享了一些與以下疾病相關的正常症狀。典型的冠狀病毒感染——如喉嚨痛、咳嗽、呼吸困難、胸悶等。
該婦女最初在出現症狀後在醫院接受治療，住院後她表現出較輕的病毒症狀，同時仍對這種新型疾病進行了陽性檢測。該婦女於 9 月感染了冠狀病毒，該病毒株是該國第一波感染期間的典型病毒株。
在那段時間裡，在她全身徘徊的冠狀病毒經歷了 13 次與冠狀病毒刺突蛋白相關的基因變化。還注意到冠狀病毒基因構成的其他 19 種變化會改變病毒的行為。一些增強了病毒，另一些被證明具有抵抗疫苗化合物的潛力，而另一些則阻斷了具有治療 COVID-19 能力的藥物。
儘管該受試者的臨床疾病時間較短，嚴重程度中等，但該研究指出，與免疫抑制的 COVID-19 患者以及因冠狀病毒感染而導致更嚴重疾病和死亡的風險增加有關。
值得注意的是，感染 HIV 的患者並不比未感染 HIV 的患者更容易感染冠狀病毒，也不會惡化感染的醫學影響。
此外，與健康個體相比，這種疾病在免疫抑制患者體內存在的時間更長這一事實可能意味著 HIV 患者可能是冠狀病毒不斷傳播和突變的來源——幾乎就像一個變種工廠。
據《洛杉磯時報》報導，研究人員在至少四名其他 HIV 患者中發現了類似的情況，在他們的系統中病毒存在一個多月。Insider指出，腎移植受者中曾出現過攜帶病毒超過一年的病例。
根據這項研究，這可能會擾亂世界消除這種奪去數百萬人生命的新型疾病的努力，並可能將重要性轉移到診斷或治療艾滋病毒感染者上，以阻止冠狀病毒的進一步突變。
據《洛杉磯時報》報導，研究負責人之一圖利奧·德奧利維拉 (Tulio de Oliveira) 說，這些努力“將降低 HIV 的死亡率，減少 HIV 的傳播，並減少產生可能導致其他感染浪潮的新 COVID 變體的機會”。
該報告補充說，雖然不確定該婦女是否將感染傳染給其他人，但研究人員聲稱，從南非誇祖魯納塔爾省等人群中出現新的令人擔憂的變異並非“巧合”，在那裡四名成年人感染了艾滋病毒——整個南非收容了大約 220 萬未經治療的艾滋病毒陽性者，不到 20 萬人接種了疫苗。
HIV patient had COVID for over 7 months, infection mutated over 30 times
Of the mutations found in the patient, both the UK and South African variants were noted to be present at one point or another throughout the length of the woman's infection.
By ZACHARY KEYSER
JUNE 8, 2021 11:12
A man walks past a poster covering the side of a building ahead of a 21 day lockdown aimed at limiting the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Cape Town, South Africa, March 26, 2020.
(photo credit: MIKE HUTCHINGS / REUTERS)
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An HIV-positive woman with a persistent coronavirus infection that lasted 216 days straight had the virus mutate within her over 30 times, according to new research.
The study, which has yet to be peer-reviewed, detailed the HIV-positive patient's more than seven month infection as part of a cohort study of 300 other people with HIV - exploring the effect of a SARS-CoV-2 infection when introduced to an immune system with a present HIV infection.
Of the mutations found in the patient, both the UK and South African variants were noted to be present at one point or another throughout the length of the woman's infection.
Throughout the course of the study, the woman, identified as being a 36-year-old living in South Africa, flip-flopped between stages of being asymptomatic and symptomatic, and through the symptomatic stages she reportedly shared some of the normal symptoms associated with a typical coronavirus infection - such as sore throat, cough, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, etc.
The woman was initially treated in the hospital following the onset of her symptoms, and following her stay she displayed milder symptoms of the virus while still testing positive for the novel disease. The woman became infected with coronavirus in September, with a strain of the virus that was typical during the first wave of infections in the country.
During that time, the coronavirus dawdling throughout her system underwent 13 genetic changes related to the coronavirus' spike protein. Some 19 other shifts in the coronavirus' genetic makeup were noted to change the behavior of the virus. Some strengthened the virus, others proved to have the potential to resist vaccine compounds and others blocked drugs that have the ability to treat COVID-19.
Despite the subject's short stints of clinical illness, with moderate severity, the study notes that there is an association with COVID-19 patients who are immunosuppressed and an increased risk of more severe disease and death from a coronavirus infection.
It is noted that patients who have HIV are not more susceptible to contracting a coronavirus infection than those without, nor does it worsen the medical implications of the infection.
Additionally, the fact that the disease stays present within the body of immunosuppressed patients for longer periods of time compared to healthier individuals could mean that HIV patients could be an incessant source of transmission and mutations of the coronavirus - almost like a factory of variants.
The researchers have noted similar occurrences in at least four other HIV patients, where the virus was present in their systems for over a month, according to the LA Times. Insider noted that there have been cases within kidney transplant recipients where they carried the virus for over a year.
According to the research, this could muddle up efforts to rid the world of the novel disease that has claimed the lives of millions and could shift importance to diagnosing or treating people with HIV in order to stymie further mutations of the coronavirus.
These efforts “would reduce mortality from HIV, reduce transmission of HIV, and also reduce the chance of generating new COVID variants that could cause other waves of infections,” said Tulio de Oliveira, one of the study leaders, according to the LA Times.
The report added that while it is unsure if the woman passed on the infection to other individuals, the researchers purport that it's no "coincidence" that new variants of concern have emerged from populations like South Africa KwaZulu Natal province, where a bit over one in four adults have HIV - with South Africa as a whole hosting around 2.2 million untreated HIV-positive individuals, and less than 200,000 people vaccinated.
戰勝大流行並重新開放歐洲
歐盟和以色列在大流行期間密切合作。九家以色列公司和組織從我們的“地平線 2020”計劃中獲得了 450 萬歐元，用於參與合作項目。
作者：EMANUELE GIAUFRET
2021 年 6 月 7 日 21:22
2017 年，以色列總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡在比利時布魯塞爾的歐洲理事會與歐盟外交政策負責人費代麗卡·莫蓋里尼握手
（圖片來源：路透社）
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過去的一年對以色列和歐洲來說都是艱難的一年，整個大陸都被一場千載難逢的全球大流行所淹沒。逐漸地，歐盟正在重新站起來並準備重新開放。
有很多關於歐盟在為其公民迅速接種 COVID-19 疫苗方面表面上的延誤的討論。誠然，一開始並非一切都像我們希望的那樣順利，尤其是與以色列令人印象深刻的有效疫苗接種活動相比。
但歐盟迅速從最初的挫折中恢復過來，現在正在確保所有歐洲人以及世界各地需要我們幫助的數百萬人都接種了疫苗。我們大大加快了公民接種疫苗的速度，現在每天有超過 300 萬人接種疫苗。我們將繼續狂熱地工作以進一步加快這一進程，包括尋求批准更多的疫苗。
上週，我們在歐盟達到了 2.5 億次疫苗接種的里程碑。近一半的歐盟成年人口已經接種了第一劑疫苗，現在有超過 8000 萬歐洲人已完全接種疫苗。到 7 月底，我們將有足夠的劑量為歐盟 70% 的成年人接種疫苗。
由於我們的疫苗接種活動進展迅速，歐盟委員會希望允許來自第三國的接種疫苗的人非必要前往歐盟。5 月 6 日，歐洲理事會將以色列列入應取消旅行限制的國家名單。
以色列現在是其公民被要求逐步取消旅行限制的八個國家之一。這意味著大多數以色列人將很快能夠再次訪問他們在歐洲的朋友和家人，而這在很長一段時間內是不可能的。
歐盟委員會主席烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩最近表示，現在是“重新點燃跨境友誼——安全地”的時候了。為方便旅行，歐盟批准了“歐盟數字 COVID 證書”，以促進在歐盟的自由流動，類似於以色列所謂的綠色通行證。我們的證書將於 7 月 1 日開始使用。
以色列破紀錄的疫苗接種活動確實非常了不起。我們最近慶祝了歐盟-以色列研究和創新合作 25 週年，並將繼續與以色列官員、民間社會組織和私營公司合作，在包括衛生在內的許多領域開發創新技術。
歐盟和以色列在大流行期間密切合作。九家以色列公司和組織從我們的地平線 2020 計劃中獲得了 450 萬歐元，以參與應對冠狀病毒爆發的合作項目。
歐洲投資銀行簽署了一份 5000 萬歐元的合同。與以色列創新局達成合作協議，為 COVID-19 和其他未滿足的醫療需求開發療法。
儘管我們對以色列快速的疫苗接種行動充滿欽佩，但將其與歐盟進行比較是錯誤的。雖然以色列是一個相對較小的國家，但歐盟需要確保以公平公正的方式向 27 個國家的 4.5 億人接種疫苗。
還值得一提的是，雖然以色列擁有無可爭議的科學能力，但它尚未開發或生產任何疫苗。
“大多數疫苗接種技術都是在歐洲啟動或開發的。以色列開始其大規模疫苗接種計劃的大部分疫苗都來自比利時，”歐洲理事會主席查爾斯·米歇爾最近指出。
事實上，我們可以自豪地說，已經交付給以色列的超過 1200 萬劑疫苗都是在歐盟生產的。
我們歡迎以色列已開始為巴勒斯坦工人接種疫苗。但是，還可以採取更多措施來確保每個人的安全。由於實地存在相互關聯的現實，確保巴勒斯坦人也得到射擊顯然符合每個人的利益。
歐盟及其成員國是 COVAX 設施的主要捐助者，該設施還向巴勒斯坦人提供疫苗，並將繼續與以色列、巴勒斯坦權力機構和主要利益相關者就此問題進行接觸。
在每個人都安全之前，沒有人是安全的——自大流行初期以來，這一直是我們的戰斗口號。這就是歐盟領導全球運動以確保不讓任何人掉隊的原因。除了對 COVAX 的貢獻外，我們計劃在年底前向非歐盟成員國捐贈至少 1 億劑疫苗。
與其他一些主要參與者相反，歐盟向第三國出口疫苗。迄今為止，歐盟已向全球 43 個國家出口了超過 1.5 億劑疫苗，其中 1000 萬劑出口給了我們在印度的朋友。事實上，歐盟是全球最大的 COVID-19 疫苗供應商。
歐洲團隊——歐盟機構、成員國和歐洲投資銀行——已與世界衛生組織、聯合國兒童基金會和國際衛生組織合作應對這一流行病，包括向 COVAX 設施捐贈 25 億歐元。該設施覆蓋 102 個國家，包括 61 個免費接種疫苗的脆弱國家和 40 億人口。
與我們在以色列和其他地方的合作夥伴一起，我們將贏得對抗 COVID-19 的戰爭。正如米歇爾所說，“歐洲將成為使世界擺脫這種病毒的主要盟友。”
作者是歐盟駐以色列大使。
Beating the pandemic and reopening Europe
The EU and Israel cooperated closely during the pandemic. Nine Israeli companies and organizations were granted €4.5 million from our Horizon 2020 program to take part in collaborative projects.
By EMANUELE GIAUFRET
JUNE 7, 2021 21:22
ISRAEL’S PRIME Minister Benjamin Netanyahu shakes hands with European Union foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini at the European Council in Brussels, Belgium in 2017
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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The past year was a tough one for Israel and for Europe, with the entire continent overwhelmed by a once-in-a-lifetime global pandemic. Gradually, the European Union is getting back on its feet and ready to reopen.
There has been a lot of talk about the EU’s ostensible delays in rapidly vaccinating its citizens against COVID-19. It’s true that in the beginning not everything went as smoothly as we had hoped for, especially in comparison with Israel’s impressively effective vaccination drive.
But the EU recovered quickly from the initial setback and is now making sure that all Europeans, and millions around the world who need our assistance, are being inoculated. We’ve dramatically increased the pace at which our citizens are being vaccinated, with now more than three million vaccinated every day. And we continue to work feverishly to speed up the process even more, including by looking to approve additional vaccines.
Last week, we reached the milestone of 250 million vaccinations in the EU. Nearly half of the EU’s adult population has already received their first dose, and more than 80 million Europeans are now fully vaccinated. By the end of July, we will have enough doses to vaccinate 70% of adults in the EU.
Because of the speedy progress in our vaccination campaigns, the European Commission wants to allow nonessential travel to the EU for vaccinated people from third countries. On May 6, the European Council added Israel to the list of countries for which travel restrictions should be lifted.
Israel is now one of just eight nations for whose citizens member states are asked to gradually lift travel restrictions. That means that most Israelis will soon be able to visit their friends and families in Europe again, after a long time during which this was impossible.
The time has come for “cross-border friendships to rekindle – safely,” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said recently. To facilitate travel, the EU has approved the “EU Digital COVID Certificate” to facilitate free movement in the EU, similar to Israel’s so-called Green Pass. Our certificate will be in use by July 1.
ISRAEL’S RECORD-BREAKING vaccination drive is indeed remarkable. We recently celebrated the 25th anniversary of EU-Israel research and innovation collaboration, and will continue to work together with Israeli officials, civil society organizations and private companies to develop innovative technologies in many sectors, including health.
The EU and Israel cooperated closely during the pandemic. Nine Israeli companies and organizations were granted €4.5 million from our Horizon 2020 program to take part in collaborative projects in response to the coronavirus outbreak.
And the European Investment Bank signed a €50m. collaboration agreement with the Israel Innovation Authority to develop therapies for COVID-19 and other unmet medical needs.
As much as we look with admiration at Israel’s quick vaccination operation, it would be wrong to compare it with that of the EU. While Israel is a relatively small country, the EU needs to make sure doses are administered to 450 million people across the 27 countries, in a fair and equitable way.
It also bears mentioning that while Israel has incontestable scientific capabilities, it has not yet developed or produced any vaccines.
“Most vaccination technologies have been initiated or developed in Europe. Most of the doses with which Israel embarked on its mass vaccination program were sent from Belgium,” European Council President Charles Michel noted recently.
Indeed, we’re proud to say that the more than 12 million vaccination doses that have been delivered to Israel were all produced in the European Union.
We welcome the fact that Israel has started to inoculate Palestinian workers. However, more could be done to make sure everyone is safe. Due to the interconnected reality on the ground, it is clearly in everyone’s interest to ensure Palestinians are getting the shots as well.
The EU and its member states are a leading contributor to the COVAX facility, which has also delivered vaccines to the Palestinians, and will continue to engage with Israel, the Palestinian Authority and key stakeholders on this issue.
No one will be safe until everyone is safe – this has been our battle cry since the early days of the pandemic. And this is why the EU is leading the global campaign to guarantee that no one is left behind. In addition to our contribution to COVAX, we plan to donate at least 100 million vaccine doses to non-EU member states by the end of the year.
And as opposed to some other major players, the EU exports vaccines to third countries. So far, more than 150 million doses have been exported from the EU to 43 countries around the world, including 10 million to our friends in India. Indeed, the EU is the biggest global provider of COVID-19 vaccines.
Team Europe – EU Union institutions, member states and the European Investment Bank – has teamed up with the World Health Organization, UNICEF and international health organizations to address the pandemic, including by donating €2.5 billion to the COVAX facility. This facility covers 102 countries, including 61 vulnerable nations that receive vaccines for free, and four billion people.
Together with our partners in Israel and elsewhere, we will win the war against COVID-19. And as Michel said, “Europe will be a major ally in freeing the world from this virus.”
The writer is the EU ambassador to Israel.
純素、以魚為基礎的飲食可降低 COVID-19 的嚴重程度——研究
在這些參與者中，未觀察到感染率或 COVID-19 感染持續時間之間存在關聯。
作者：扎卡里·凱瑟
2021 年 6 月 8 日 12:00
健康的素食很容易準備
（圖片來源：ANATOLY MICHAELO）
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根據一項新的研究，以植物和鼠疫為基礎的飲食與新型冠狀病毒感染的嚴重程度降低有關。
在這項研究中，研究人員調查了來自六個不同國家（法國、德國、意大利、西班牙、英國和美國）在大流行前線工作的 2,884 名醫生和護士。
研究人員指出，在志願者中，記錄了 538 例 COVID-19 病例，在這些病例中，有 138 人報告患有中度至重度 COVID-19 感染，其餘人報告為輕度病例。
在調整數字以關注誰報告遵循植物性或魚類飲食後，研究參與者出現中度至重度 COVID-19 症狀的機率分別比那些沒有的人低 73% 和 59%遵循嚴格的飲食習慣。
研究作者寫道：“與報告遵循‘植物性飲食’的參與者相比，那些報告遵循‘低碳水化合物、高蛋白飲食’的參與者患中度至重度 COVID-19 的機率更大。”
在這些參與者中，未觀察到感染率或COVID-19 感染持續時間之間存在關聯。
研究作者寫道：“據我們所知，這是第一項報告飲食模式與 COVID-19 疾病嚴重程度之間關聯的研究。” “幾項研究假設，健康的飲食模式可能通過改善免疫反應在 COVID-19 的發病率或病程中發揮作用。
“植物性飲食富含營養，尤其是植物化學物質（多酚、類胡蘿蔔素），之前的研究報告稱，在攝入量最高的人群中，攝入更多的纖維、維生素 A、C 和 E、葉酸和礦物質（鐵、鉀、鎂）對植物性飲食的依從性最低。”
研究作者補充說，魚也是維生素 D 和 omega-3 脂肪酸的良好來源，它們具有抗炎作用，抑制促炎細胞因子的產生，減少炎症類二十烷酸合成和氧化應激。這些特性可以縮短個人需要為重症監護室插管或安置在重症監護室中的時間。
過去一年中進行的其他研究此前曾報導，在個人飲食中補充其中一些營養素，如維生素 A、C、D 和 E，可以降低呼吸道感染的風險，甚至可以縮短類似疾病的持續時間- 因為它們被認為支持免疫系統、抗體的產生、淋巴細胞的增殖和氧化應激的減少。
研究人員說：“我們的研究結果表明，可以考慮採用富含營養豐富食物的健康飲食來預防嚴重的 COVID-19。”
研究作者確實指出，未來將結合宏量和微量營養素數據的詳細研究進一步“有必要研究膳食攝入量與 COVID-19 嚴重程度之間的關聯”。
Vegan, fish-based diets result in lower COVID-19 severity - study
There was no association observed between infection rates or the duration of COVID-19 infections within these participants.
By ZACHARY KEYSER
JUNE 8, 2021 12:00
Healthy vegetarian food can be easy to prepare
(photo credit: ANATOLY MICHAELO)
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Plant and pescatarian-based diets are associated with the reduced severity of a novel coronavirus infection, according to new research.
For the study, researchers surveyed 2,884 doctors and nurses working on the frontlines of the pandemic from six different countries - France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Researchers noted that among the volunteers, 538 cases of COVID-19 were recorded, and within those cases 138 individuals reported had moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infections with the remainder reporting mild cases.
After adjusting the numbers to focus in on who reported following plant or fish-based diets, study participants had a 73% and 59% percent lower odds, respectively, of developing moderate-to-severe COVID-19 symptoms compared to those who did not follow the strict diets.
"Compared with participants who reported following ‘plant-based diets,' those who reported following ‘low carbohydrate, high protein diets’ had greater odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19," the study authors wrote.
There was no association observed between infection rates or the duration of COVID-19 infections within these participants.
"To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between dietary patterns and severity of COVID-19 illness," the study authors wrote. "Several studies have hypothesized that healthy dietary patterns may play a role in the incidence or disease course of COVID-19 by improving the immune response.
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"Plant-based diets are rich in nutrients, especially phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids), with prior studies reporting higher fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and mineral (iron, potassium, magnesium) intake among those with highest versus lowest adherence to plant-based diets."
Fish is also a good source of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids, which yield anti-inflammatory effects, suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis and oxidative stress, the study authors added. These properties could shorten the duration an individual needs to be intubated for or housed in an intensive care unit.
Other studies performed over the year have previously reported that supplementing some of these nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, D, and E, into an individuals diet decreases the risk of a respiratory infection and could even shorten the duration of illnesses of the like - as they are thought to support the immune system, the production of antibodies, proliferation of lymphocytes and reduction of oxidative stress.
"Our results suggest that a healthy diet rich in nutrient-dense foods may be considered for protection against severe COVID-19," the researchers said.
The study authors did note that future detailed research incorporating macro- and micronutrient data is further "warranted to study associations between dietary intake and COVID-19 severity."
經濟學家：COVID-19 復甦將以通貨膨脹、價格上漲為標誌
隨著各國擺脫 COVID-19 封鎖，以色列的通貨膨脹率預計到 2021 年為 2.2%
作者：瑪雅·瑪吉特/媒體行
2021 年 6 月 8 日 15:18
以色列貨幣的說明照片
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）
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以色列經濟學家認為，大宗商品價格上漲和隨之而來的通貨膨脹率上升將標誌著世界上許多國家在大流行後的複蘇。
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隨著疫苗接種率飆升和COVID-19的影響消退，天然氣和基本消費品的價格迅速上漲，引發了對通脹加速的擔憂。聯合國糧食及農業組織月度價格指數顯示，5 月份全球食品價格同比飆升近 40%。
Leonardo (Leo) Leiderman 教授是特拉維夫大學經濟學教授，也是以色列最大商業銀行Bank Hapoalim 的首席經濟顧問。
“這是一個全球現象，”萊德曼告訴媒體專線。“隨著經濟的開放和因冠狀病毒而解除封鎖，我們看到價格飆升，這當然被衡量為通脹率上升。”
根據萊德曼的說法，通貨膨脹是 COVID-19 大流行的後遺症，由於人們仍被關在家裡，世界經濟的許多部門連續數月關閉。
在消費者價格指數 (CPI) 上漲的背景下，以色列財政部首席經濟學家 Shira Greenberg 週日預測，該國 2021 年和 2022 年的通貨膨脹率分別為 2.2% 和 1.5%。以色列銀行早些時候的預測，該銀行預測 2021 年和 2022 年的通貨膨脹率僅為 1.3% 和 1.2%。
以色列財政部在審查中指出，由於大流行限制，家庭儲蓄有所增加。然而，現在大部分限制都已取消，私人消費正在迅速增長，並推動價格全面上漲。
財政部寫道：“我們預計，隨著失業率、政府援助和謝克爾升值，這些暫時性影響將在 2022 年緩和。”
與此同時，美國 CPI 同比上漲 4.2%。
萊德曼認為這種現像是暫時的。
“就以色列而言，目前的市場評估是未來五年的 2%，所以我認為現在我們沒有太多警告中央銀行加快加息和實施緊縮貨幣政策以收緊經濟狀況，”他斷言。“我們可以說通脹存在很大的不確定性，因此我們作為經濟學家對任何預測的信心程度都降低了。另一方面，我們必須按比例分配。”
其他經濟學家則不太樂觀，並警告說，通脹率上升可能會給以色列蓬勃發展的房地產市場帶來麻煩。
以色列荷茲利亞跨學科中心阿德爾森創業學院的經濟專家 Alex Coman 博士告訴媒體，這可能對抵押貸款產生重大負面影響。
“許多以色列人已經獲得抵押貸款，其中許多抵押貸款取決於利率，因此它們是動態的，”科曼說。
在成功開展 COVID-19 疫苗接種運動的背景下，以色列經濟迅速復蘇，失業率繼續下降。根據中央統計局上周公布的數據，截至 5 月，該國的失業率從大流行危機最嚴重時的 27% 的峰值降至 5%。
雖然這些數字令人鼓舞，但“有很大比例的人因為家庭中有丈夫和妻子工作而獲得抵押貸款，然後突然他們中的一個人失去了工作或從全職工作減少到 [兼職工作]時間]就業，”科曼說。
“他們的收入減少了，然後由於通貨膨脹，他們將不得不支付更高的抵押貸款 [利率]，”他補充道。“這可能會產生一波違約潮，這將是非常非常痛苦的。”
Bank Hapoalim 的萊德曼不同意這種評估。據他介紹，以色列銀行目前還沒有加息或收緊貨幣政策的計劃。
“無論通脹率為 1.5% 還是 2%，都不會對抵押貸款市場造成重大衝擊，”萊德曼說。“我們不是在談論重大的通脹衝擊。”
Economists: COVID-19 recovery to be marked by inflation, price hikes
Inflation rates in Israel forecast to be 2.2% in 2021, as countries emerge from COVID-19 lockdowns
By MAYA MARGIT/THE MEDIA LINE
JUNE 8, 2021 15:18
Illustrative photo of Israeli money
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM)
Rising commodity prices and ensuing increases in inf